Remote Sensing in Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Monitoring: Concepts and Methods

Marx, Andrew; Goward, Samuel N.

doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2013.00188.x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While remote sensing and satellite imagery uses for civil and agricultural applications have recently increased, there are fewer instances in which satellite imagery has been used to study the effects of war on changing human and natural landscapes and food security. Examples include imagery-based crisis identification used by various agencies, including the UN and non-governmental agencies (Marx & Goward, 2013;Marx & Loboda, 2013), for assessment of violation of human rights. Other examples include observation of villages in Sudan destroyed by war (HIU, 2004) and conflict-led rural abandonment of agricultural lands in the two-year war in Kosovo (Terres, Biard, & Darras, 1999), and Bosnia (Witmer, 2008) and Darfur using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery and SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) imagery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Syrian conflict on irrigated agriculture in the Orontes Basin

Jaafar

Zurayk

King

et al. 2015

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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The impact of conflict on irrigated agriculture and consequently summer crop production within conflict-affected agricultural lands was observed in the Orontes Basin. Water and energy use were reconfigured through a transition from rainfed to irrigated agricultural production over the past 20 years, but have been disrupted as the Syrian war has unfolded since 2011. Remotely sensed vegetation indices were used to determine irrigated summer crop yields during the year 2013. Findings suggest that irrigated agricultural production dropped between 15% and 30% in the Syrian portion of the basin in 2000-2013, with hotspots identifiable in Idleb, Homs, Hama, Daraa and Aleppo. The developed approach demonstrated effectiveness in quantifying and geolocating hotspots where conflicts have the strongest impact on agricultural water use, agricultural production, and eventually support relief and regional agricultural reconstruction in this and other conflict regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Syrian conflict on irrigated agriculture in the Orontes Basin

Jaafar

Zurayk

King

et al. 2015

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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“…A number of publications deal with the detection of damaged huts and villages based on VHR optical imagery from QuickBird (Sulik & Edwards, 2010), Ikonos (O'Connell & Young, 2014), and WorldView (Knoth & Pebesma, 2017) during the Darfur crisis in Sudan, also some of them are also based on changes in surface elevations, for example, as presented by d'Oleire-Oltmanns, S., Tiede, D., Krauß, T. and Wendt, L (2018) who derived damages in the city of Mosul during the Syrian Civil War based on stereoanalysis of Pléiades imagery. Furthermore, notable in this context are studies listed by Marx and Goward (2013) who demonstrate the use of satellite images to identify human rights violations by determining the capacity of prison camps in North Korea, and mass graves during the Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia.…”

Section: Background and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation change of Bhasan Char measured by persistent scatterer interferometry using Sentinel-1 data in a humanitarian context

Braun

Hoeser

Blasco

2020

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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This study investigates the elevation changes for the island of Bhasan Char, located in the Bay of Bengal, which was selected for the relocation of around 100,000 refugees of the Rohingya minority which were forced to leave their homes in Myanmar. Eighty-nine Sentinel-1 products were analysed using persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) beginning August 2016 through September 2019, divided into three periods of one year to reduce the impact of temporal decorrelation. The findings indicate that the island is a recent landform which underlies naturally induced surface changes with velocities of up to ±20 mm per year. Additional displacement is probably caused by heavy construction loads since early 2018, although we found no statistical evidence for this. The main built-up area shows stable behaviour during the analysed period, but there are significant changes along the coasts and artificial embankments of the island, and within one separate settlement in the north. The moist surface conditions and strong monsoonal rains complicated the proper retrieval of stable trends, but the sum of findings supports the assumption that the island underlies strong morphologic dynamics which put the people to be relocated at additional risk. Its suitability for construction has to be investigated in further studies.

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“…In her book Women and Human Rights , Bindra () argues that claiming rights can be an emboldening experience, but asking who is responsible for upholding and protecting those rights is a much murkier and more troublesome project. The study of human rights within geography has tended to focus on, using Bindra's words, the “heady stuff” of rights claims, including mapping rights violations (Marx, ; Selya, ; Verpoorten, ), documenting the perspectives of rights claimants (Choi, ; Madden and Ross, ; Scarpellino, ), and studying the geographies of advocacy (Bell, Chad Clay, and Murdie, ; Bosco, ; Burgess, ). Geographers have paid less attention to the “more troublesome” questions of responsibility, especially the multiple and conflicting claims of responsibility tied to spatial variations in the understandings, experiences, and deployments of human rights.…”

Section: Geography and Human Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographies of Human Rights: Mapping Responsibility

Laliberté

2015

Geography Compass

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Geography has much to contribute to the critical study of human rights. To date, geographic scholarship has tended to follow international trends in connecting the rights discourse to social and environmental justice agendas. Human rights, in these contexts, are assumed to be part of emancipatory politics. It is in challenging this assumption that I suggest critical geographic inquiry has more to offer. In this paper, I review critical geographic literature that explicitly focuses on the spatial processes of human rights around the world. Through this review, I identify a gap in the literature regarding the negotiations of responsibility that shape human rights discourses and practices. I draw on feminist and postcolonial theories of responsibility to highlight geography's potential for examining such negotiations to illuminate how responsibility is claimed, denied, ascribed, enacted, and avoided. Ultimately, I suggest mapping negotiations of responsibility as they cross scales, traverse space, and shape place will provide us with new and evocative lenses for critiquing the place of human rights within an emancipatory politics.

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Remote Sensing in Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Monitoring: Concepts and Methods

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Impact of the Syrian conflict on irrigated agriculture in the Orontes Basin

Impact of the Syrian conflict on irrigated agriculture in the Orontes Basin

Elevation change of Bhasan Char measured by persistent scatterer interferometry using Sentinel-1 data in a humanitarian context

Geographies of Human Rights: Mapping Responsibility

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