Remote ischemic per-conditioning protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury via suppressing gene expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in rat model

Abstract

The pathogenesis of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) involves both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in the kidney. This study determined whether remote ischemic per-conditioning (RIPerC) is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in rats. Renal IR injury was induced by occluding renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. RIPerC included 4 cycles of 2 min of ischemia of the left femoral artery followed by 3 min of reperfusion performed at the start of renal ischemia. Rats were divided into sham, IR, and RIPerC groups. At the end of the reperfusion period, urine, blood and tissue samples were gathered. IR created kidney dysfunction, as ascertained by a significant decrease in creatinine clearance and a significant increase in sodium fractional excretion. These changes occurred in concert with a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase with an increment in malondialdehyde levels, mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and histological damage in renal tissues. RIPerC treatment diminished all these changes. This study demonstrates that RIPerC has protective effects on the kidney after renal IR, which might be related to the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway and augmentation of antioxidant systems.

Scintigraphic evaluation of remote pre-conditioning protection against unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: a longitudinal study

“…Accordingly, the study by Kristensen et al suggested that RPeC might prevent dysregulation of renal salt and water handling via regulation of aquaporins phosphorylation and expression as well as via regulation of Na-K-ATPase in the post-ischemic rat kidneys [14]. Recently, Gholampour et al reported that RPeC has protective effects on the kidney after 45-min renal ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, which might be related with augmentation of anti-oxidant systems and inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway [18]. Moreover, RPeC has been shown to protect the other organs from IR injury including the heart [19], brain [20] and liver [21] in both experimental and clinical studies.…”

Therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats

“…Renal I/R injury induction has been described in our previous study. 23 Briefly, a median abdominal incision was done and kidney exposed; then, bilateral renal pedicles were clamped using a micro-aneurysm vascular clamp for 45 minutes. After termination of ischemia, the clamps were removed and verified for the adequate restoration of the blood flow to the ischemic kidney.…”