Remediation of dairy wastewater by Euglena gracilis WZSL mutant and β-glucan production

Barsanti, Laura; Ciurli, Adriana; Birindelli, Lorenzo; Gualtieri, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02314-x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…HS2 was glucose compared with sucrose, sodium acetate, and lactic acid, the optimal C/N ratio was 21.8 [24]. Barsanti et al (2021) reported the correlation between biomass productivity and nutrient consumption (BOD 5 , COD, NH 3 -N, and PO 4 3--P), where nutrient concentrations decreased with an increase in biomass production [5]. In this study, the greater was the consumption of COD and TN, the higher was the production of biomass and paramylon (except for GL5).…”

Section: Impact Of Carbon Source Type and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several nutrients in food processing byproducts can be potentially useful for microbial cultivation [3]. The use of food processing byproducts as low-cost substrates to produce value-added materials from microalgae may simultaneously enhance productivities and reduce costs [4][5][6]. To date, potato liquor [7], corn steep solid [8], corn steep liquor, and brewer's spent grain [9] have been used to produce paramylon efficiently and economically from E. gracilis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of Growth and Paramylon Production of Euglena gracilis by Upcycling of Spent Tomato Byproduct as an Alternative Medium

et al. 2021

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Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) accumulates paramylon, an immune-functional beta-glucan that can be used as a functional food. Paramylon production is strongly affected by the organic carbon source and the initial pH conditions. Food processing byproducts have attracted attention for microalgal cultivation because of their low cost and abundance of nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen. We investigated the optimal carbon source and its concentration for efficient paramylon production. A spent tomato byproduct (STB) generated from a tomato processing plant was applied for biomass and paramylon production from E. gracilis with respect to the initial pH condition. The highest paramylon concentration (1.2 g L−1) and content (58.2%) were observed with 15 g L−1 glucose. The biomass production increased when STB was used as compared with that when a synthetic medium was used (1.6-fold higher at pH 3 and 2-fold higher at pH 8). The optimal initial pH was determined according to the maximum production of biomass and paramylon. Upcycling the food processing byproduct, STB, can contribute not only to cost reduction of the biorefinery process using E. gracilis but also to environmental remediation by removing organic carbon and nitrogen from the byproducts.

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Section: Impact Of Carbon Source Type and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Growth and Paramylon Production of Euglena gracilis by Upcycling of Spent Tomato Byproduct as an Alternative Medium

et al. 2021

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“…Possessing attributes of both a plant and an animal, Euglena is a promising biological resource frequently employed as a food or health supplement [ 2 ]. Additionally, Euglena species accumulate a storage polysaccharide in their body characterized by linear β-1,3-glucan chains [ 3 , 4 ]. In contrast to the β-glucans in the cell walls of plants and bacteria, the β-glucan in Euglena is stored in granules called paramylon in the cytoplasm, constituting up to 90% of Euglena [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Immunomodulatory Effects of Euglena gracilis in Immunosuppressed Mice: Transcriptome and Pathway Analysis

Jo,

Park

et al. 2024

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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The immunomodulatory effects of Euglena gracilis ( Euglena ) and its bioactive component, β-1,3-glucan (paramylon), have been clarified through various studies. However, the detailed mechanisms of the immune regulation remain to be elucidated. This study was designed not only to investigate the immunomodulatory effects but also to determine the genetic mechanisms of Euglena and β-glucan in cyclophosphamide (CCP)-induced immunosuppressed mice. The animals were orally administered saline, Euglena (800 mg/kg B.W.) or β-glucan (400 mg/kg B.W.) for 19 days, and CCP (80 mg/kg B.W.) was subsequently administered to induce immunosuppression in the mice. The mice exhibited significant decreases in body weight, organ weight, and the spleen index. However, there were significant improvements in the spleen weight and the spleen index in CCP-induced mice after the oral administration of Euglena and β-glucan. Transcriptome analysis of the splenocytes revealed immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated in the Euglena - and β-glucantreated groups. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that pathways related with interleukin (IL)-17 and cAMP play significant roles in regulating T cells, B cells, and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Ptgs2, a major inflammatory factor, was exclusively expressed in the Euglena -treated group, suggesting that Euglena ’s beneficial components, such as carotenoids, could regulate these genes by influencing immune lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in CCP-induced mice. This study validated the immunomodulatory effects of Euglena and highlighted its underlying mechanisms, suggesting a positive contribution to the determination of phenotypes associated with immune-related diseases and the research and development of immunotherapies.

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“…The unicellular alga Euglena gracilis is considered a potential source of β-1,3-glucan, particularly following the development of large-scale cultivation methods. When grown aerobically in the dark with a carbon source, high amounts of paramylon, an insoluble, non-digestible β-glucan composed of high molecular weight linear polymers of β-1,3-D-glucose, are deposited in the cytoplasm as highly crystalline discoid granules [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs

de Souza Theodoro,

Gonçalves Tozato,

Warde Luis

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Dogs fed Β-Y15 showed higher serum IL-2 than dogs fed Β-S30 (P<0.05). A higher phagocytic index of monocytes was observed in dogs fed the B-S15 diet than in those fed the other diets, and a higher neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for B-S15 and B-Y15 than in dogs fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Monocytes from dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 produced more NO and less H2O2 than those from the CON and B-Y15 groups (P<0.05). Despite in the reference value, CRP levels were higher in dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 diets (P<0.05). β-1,3/1,6-glucan showed cell-mediated activation of the immune system, with increased serum IL-2 and neutrophil phagocytic index, whereas β-1,3-glucan acted on the immune system by increasing the ex vivo production of NO by monocytes, neutrophil phagocytic index, and serum CRP. Calprotectin and CRP levels did not support inflammation or other health issues related to β-glucan intake. In conclusion, both β-glucan sources modulated some immune and inflammatory parameters in dogs, however, different pathways have been suggested for the recognition and action of these molecules, reinforcing the necessity for further mechanistic studies, especially for E. gracilis β-1,3-glucan.

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Remediation of dairy wastewater by Euglena gracilis WZSL mutant and β-glucan production

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Enhancement of Growth and Paramylon Production of Euglena gracilis by Upcycling of Spent Tomato Byproduct as an Alternative Medium

Enhancement of Growth and Paramylon Production of Euglena gracilis by Upcycling of Spent Tomato Byproduct as an Alternative Medium

Unveiling Immunomodulatory Effects of Euglena gracilis in Immunosuppressed Mice: Transcriptome and Pathway Analysis

β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs

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