Relish regulates innate immunity via mediating ATG5 activity in Antheraea pernyi

Chen, Chen; Yang, Liangli; Abbas, Muhammad Nadeem; Zou, Deng; Li, Jun; Geng, Xuexia; Zhang, Haijun; Sun, Yuxuan

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2022.104406

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To analyze tissue distributions of ApSOCS-2 at the mRNA level, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted [ 35 , 39 , 46 ]. In brief, for tissue distribution, total RNA was extracted from the 5th instar at 3rd day larval tissues, such as fat body, hemocytes, integument, gut, and Malpighian tubules.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antheraea pernyi Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 Negatively Modulates the JAK/STAT Pathway to Attenuate Microbial Infection

Kausar

Gul

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway has been shown to govern various physiological processes, including immune responses, hematopoiesis, cell growth, and differentiation. Recent studies show that suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins attenuate JAK-STAT signaling in mammals; however, their functions are less clear in lepidopteran insects. Here, we report a full-length sequence of SOCS-2 from the Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi (designated as ApSOCS-2) and study its biological role in immune responses via the JAK-STAT pathway. ApSOCS-2 expression was high in the fat bodies and hemocytes of A. pernyi fifth instar larvae. After pathogen infection with nucleopolyhedrovirus, Beauveria bassiana, Escherichia coli, and Microccus luteus, ApSOCS-2 mRNA was strongly increased compared to the control group. To elucidate the possible involvement in innate immunity, we measured antimicrobial peptide genes expression profiles in the fat body of A. pernyi. In contrast, recombinant ApSOCS-2 protein administration significantly reduced the AMPs transcription, while the depletion of ApSOCS-2 by RNAi increased their expression. Furthermore, we observed higher antibacterial activity and lower bacterial replication in dsApSOCS-2-treated larvae. The ApSOCS-2 transcription level was reduced in STAT depleted A. pernyi larvae challenged by M. luteus. The ApSOCS-2 RNAi data sets were also subjected to transcriptomic analysis, which suggests that ApSOCS-2 is a key regulator of immune function. Taken together, our data suggest that ApSOCS-2 is required for the negative regulation of AMPs transcripts via the JAK-STAT pathway in the insect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antheraea pernyi Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 Negatively Modulates the JAK/STAT Pathway to Attenuate Microbial Infection

Kausar

Gul

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In addition to this, it plays a variety of host-pathogen interactions and is a component of the cellular immune response of host to a pathogen. There is a well-established fact that pathogens are capable of manipulating autophagy responses to both improve the rate at which they replicate as well as establish infection within the host (3,11). The modulation of miRNAs, along with changes in the autophagy-associated factors, indicates that miRNAs seem to control the process of autophagy (11,57).…”

Section: Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the AMPs that are expressed via both pathways, Defensin has been demonstrated to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria. At the same time, AttacinA and Cecropin have been shown to be effective against Gram-negative bacteria (11,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects, these pathways initiate the production of a wide range of antimicrobial peptides when fungal and bacterial infections occur, which are implicated as a mechanism of antiviral immunity (5)(6)(7)(8). The Toll pathway controls the expression of the antifungal peptide, whereas the IMD pathway modulates the expression of the peptide that defends against Gram-negative bacteria (9)(10)(11)(12). The expression of the genes that encode these peptides can, therefore, be used as a measure of the levels at which Toll and IMD signaling is activated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection

et al. 2023

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The interaction between bacteria and insects can significantly impact a wide range of different areas because bacteria and insects are widely distributed around the globe. The bacterial-insect interactions have the potential to directly affect human health since insects are vectors for disease transmission, and their interactions can also have economic consequences. In addition, they have been linked to high mortality rates in economically important insects, resulting in substantial economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are types of non-coding RNAs involved in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. The length of miRNAs ranges from 19 to 22 nucleotides. MiRNAs, in addition to their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns, have a diverse range of targets. This enables them to govern various physiological activities in insects, like innate immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs have a crucial biological role in bacterial infection by influencing immune responses and other mechanisms for resistance. This review focuses on some of the most recent and exciting discoveries made in recent years, including the correlation between the dysregulation of miRNA expression in the context of bacterial infection and the progression of the infection. Furthermore, it describes how they profoundly impact the immune responses of the host by targeting the Toll, IMD, and JNK signaling pathways. It also emphasizes the biological function of miRNAs in regulating immune responses in insects. Finally, it also discusses current knowledge gaps about the function of miRNAs in insect immunity, in addition to areas that require more research in the future.

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“…Thus, it appears that vSP27 induces mitochondrial damage, inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and promotes ROS production; thus, vSP27 inhibits BmCPV infection via ROS-dependent signal transduction. NF-κB is a transcription factor that becomes active in response to cellular stress, such as oxidative stress and viral infection [ 131 , 132 ]. The vSP27 can induce NF-κB, which in turn activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in BmN cells, leading to an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides (e.g., CecB, CecA, and lysozymes).…”

Section: Host Hijack Pathogen Encoded Circrnas To Inhibit Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion

Abbas

Kausar

Gul

et al. 2023

Genes

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts.

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Relish regulates innate immunity via mediating ATG5 activity in Antheraea pernyi

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Antheraea pernyi Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 Negatively Modulates the JAK/STAT Pathway to Attenuate Microbial Infection

Antheraea pernyi Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 Negatively Modulates the JAK/STAT Pathway to Attenuate Microbial Infection

MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection

The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion

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