Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization‐Five Well‐Being Index in the context of detecting depression in diabetic patients

Abstract

The present study had two aims. The first was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization (WHO)-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J) as a brief well-being scale. The second was to examine the discriminatory validity of this test as a screening tool for current depressive episodes in diabetic patients. A sample of 129 diabetic patients completed the WHO-5-J. Of these, 65 were also interviewed by psychiatrists to assess whether they had any current depressive episodes according to DSM-IV. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, the Loevinger coefficient of homogeneity, and factor analysis. The external concurrent validity was evaluated by correlations with the external scales potentially related to subjective well-being. Discriminatory validity was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cronbach's alpha and the Loevinger coefficient were estimated to be 0.89 and 0.65, respectively. A factor analysis identified only one factor. The WHO-5-J was significantly correlated with a number of major diabetic complications, depression, anxiety, and subjective quality of life. ROC analysis showed that the WHO-5-J can be used to detect a current depressive episode (area under curve: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.98). A cut-off of <13 yielded the best sensitivity/specificity trade-off: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 78%. The WHO-5-J was thus found to have a sufficient reliability and validity, indicating that it is a useful instrument for detecting current depressive episodes in diabetic patients.

Propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Bienestar General-5 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en pacientes parcialmente edéntulos

“…De forma general, estos estudios reflejan adecuadas medidas: consistencia interna (0.91-0.93), confiabilidad prueba-reprueba (coeficiente de correlación intraclase: 0.613), validez de constructo (raíz del cuadrado medio del error de aproximación: 0.09, IC90%: 0.057-0.125, índice comparativo de ajuste: 0.99, índice de Tucker-Lewis: 0,97), discriminante (sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de los puntajes de WHO-5 WBI de acuerdo a características sociodemográficas) y concurrente (la correlación de Spearman entre los dominios de WHO-5 y WHOQOL-BREF fue >0.50, excepto en el dominio social: 0.37), lo que revela que esta escala es útil para el monitoreo del progreso individual de un paciente (14,15,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Prevalence and risk factors of depression and diabetes- related emotional distress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

“…Total scores were transformed to a 0-100 scale to compare the results [18] . A score below 50 suggests poor emotional well-being and a score below 28 is indicative of depression [30][31][32] , with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 74.1% [32] . In the current study population, the WHO-5 scale had an internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient) of .90, which is sufficient [34] .…”

“…This scale (WHO-5) was designed to measure psychological well-being and has been validated in different populations, including patients with diabetes [30][31][32] . The WHO-5 questionnaire is recommended by the WHO as a first step in a two-stage screening process for depression and should be followed by a structured clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to confirm the diagnosis [33] .…”

“…Diabetes-related distress was measured with the validated Problem Areas in Diabetes-scale (PAID), a screening instrument for depression and diabetes-related distress [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . This scale measures four problem areas in diabetes: negative emotions (12 items), concerns regarding treatment (3 items), food-related problems (3 items), and social support-related problems (2 items), scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), ranging from 'no problem at all' to 'a very serious problem'.…”

An Embodied Conversational Agent for Unguided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Preventative Mental Health: Feasibility and Acceptability Pilot Trial (Preprint)

“…The [20], was utilized in this study. It is a one-factor scale measuring positive mental health related to physical aspects using a five-item, six-point Likert scale.…”