Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. IV. Their influence on the electronic structure and related properties

Pershina, V.; Fricke, B.

doi:10.1063/1.465454

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…DS-DVM calculations [112][113][114][115] suggest that the pentahalides of Db should be more volatile than those of its lighter homologs. Experimental volatility studies have failed to demonstrate this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic and ionic radii and the first through fifth ionization potentials were calculated in [111]. Differences between the chemical behavior of Db and the extrapolated properties of an eka-tantalum could result from a larger ionic radius, a different effective charge, and a different radial extension of the 6d orbitals, which are most important in its molecular bondings [100,[110][111][112][113][114][115]. Redox potentials were estimated for the group 5 elements, including the pseudohomolog Pa, on the basis of ionization potentials from MCDF calculations [111,116].…”

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DS DVM calculations allow prediction of the degree of covalency in the bonding and the effective charge on the central atom in halide and oxohalide compounds of the group 5 elements [112][113][114][115].…”

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pershina and co-workers calculated that the covalency, stability of bonding, and the stability of the maximum 5+ valence state should increase down the group, while the 3+ and the 4+ valence state should decrease down the group. This is opposite to what one would expect in going from tantalum (5d) to hahnium (6d) and not taking relativity into account [Pershina 1992a, Pershina 1993 [Hoffman 1994]. …”

Section: Hahniummentioning

confidence: 79%

Properties of Group Five and Group Seven transactinium elements

Wilk

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The detection and positive identification of the short-lived, low cross section isotopes used in the chemical studies of the heaviest elements are usually accomplished by measuring their α-decay, thus the nuclear properties of the heaviest elements must be examined simultaneously with their chemical properties. The isotopes 224 Pa and 266,267 Bh have been studied extensively as an integral part of the investigation of the heaviest members of the groups five and seven of the periodic table.The half-life of 224 Pa was determined to be 855±19 ms by measuring its α-decay using our rotating wheel, solid state detector system at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron. Protactinium was produced by bombardment of a bismuth target. New neutron rich isotopes, MeV.The chemical behavior of hahnium, Ha (element 105) was investigated using the fast on-line continuous liquid extraction and detection system SISAK-LISSY.Hahnium was not observed in this experiment following transport and extraction.Protactinium was used as on-line test of the apparatus to determine the experimental efficiency of the entire system. Unfortunately, the amount of protactinium observed after the extraction, compared to the amount produced, was extremely small, only 2.5%. The extraction of the protactinium test isotope indicated the efficiency of the apparatus was too low to observe the extraction of hahnium.The chemical behavior of oxychloride compounds of bohrium was investigated by isothermal gas adsorption chromatography in a quartz column at 180, 150, and 75°C. It was found to be less volatile than the corresponding compounds of the lighter group seven homologues, rhenium and technetium, which had been measured previously with the same apparatus. Assuming the bohrium compound to be BhO 3 Cl, the evaluated standard adsorption enthalpy, ∆H ads , of BhO 3 Cl on the quartz surface was calculated from Monte Carlo fits to the volatility data to be DedicationThis thesis is dedicated to the Reed Reactor Facility (RRF) of Reed College, Portland, Oregon and the Summer School in Nuclear Chemistry that was sponsored by the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology of the American Chemical Society. These two institutions have maintained a commitment to undergraduate education in the field of nuclear chemistry that is unparalleled. It is my hope that Reed will soon replace the long missing radiochemistry professor of the chemistry department to echo this commitment to nuclear and radiochemistry. Without the education and the experience I received from the RRF and the contacts I made at the ACS summer school, I certainly would not be writing this thesis. No changes were made to the structure of the Periodic Table until 1944, when Glenn T. Seaborg postulated the existence of the actinide series, analogous to the lanthanide series (see Figure 1.1) [Seaborg 1945]. This seemingly simple extrapolation was not obvious given the data at the time, and led to the nearly immediate discovery of americium and curium. Before Seaborg's fo...

show abstract

“…Fig. 3 (left) [10]. The relativistic contraction of the main maximum are 3%, 9.1%, and 20.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Relativistic Effects In the Chemistry Of The Transuranium Elmentioning

confidence: 92%

The impact of the properties of the heaviest elements on the chemical and physical sciences

Kratz

2012

Radiochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The unique role of the heaviest elements in chemical and physical sciences is discussed. With the actinide series (Z = 90-103) and the superactinide series (Z = 122-155), the heaviest elements have significantly shaped the architecture of the Periodic Table of the elements. Relativistic effects in the electron shells of the heaviest elements change the chemical properties in a given group in a non-linear fashion. Relativistically stabilized sub-shell closures give rise to a new category of elements in the Periodic Table: volatile metals. The prototype for this property is element 114 which, due to the relativistic stabilization of its 7s 2 7 p 2 1/2 electron configuration, is volatile in its elementary state, but, in contrast to a noble gas, exhibits a marked metalmetal interaction with a gold surface at room temperature. Nuclear shell effects dominate the physical properties of the transuranium elements. These give rise to superdeformed shape isomers (fission isomers) in the actinides (U-Bk). Superheavy elements (Z ≥ 104) owe their existence solely to nuclear shell effects at N = 152, 162, and 184. At this time, a building lot is the location of the next spherical proton shell closure as there is evidence that the center of the "island of stability" is not at Z = 114. This needs urgently further theoretical and experimental efforts. The cross sections for the syntheses of elements 119 and 120 will give us important information on the "upper end of the Periodic Table of the elements".

show abstract

Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. IV. Their influence on the electronic structure and related properties

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Properties of Group Five and Group Seven transactinium elements

The impact of the properties of the heaviest elements on the chemical and physical sciences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About