Relative friction minimization in fixed orthodontic bracket appliances

Schlegel, V.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00062-3

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…So far, a comprehensive study has not produced sufficient data to adduce the fundamental relationship, although some theoretical approaches have been suggested. 19,[30][31][32] The first two studies expressed the influence of a second-order force system on the displacement of an archwire "beam" in terms of stiffness [the mathematical product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the area moment of inertia (I)], beam length (L), and WIDTH. 30,31 The third derived the deflection of an archwire in a bracket whether the SLOT is filled or partially filled in terms of E, , WIDTH, IBD, SIZE, and yield strength (YS).…”

Section: Wire Stiffness (Exi) and Interbracket Distance (Ibd) In An Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Kusy

Whitley

2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Having established dimensional and mechanical characteristics, the resistances to sliding (RS) were measured in vitro for various archwires against stainless steel brackets. Using stainless steel ligatures, a constant normal force (300g) was maintained while second-order angulation (straight theta) was varied from -12 degrees to +12 degrees. Using miniature bearings to simulate contiguous teeth, five experiments each were run in the dry or wet states with human saliva at 34 degrees C as a function of four archwire alloys, five interbracket distances, and two bracket engagements. Outcomes were objectively analyzed to establish when theta=0, and the relative contact angles ( theta(r)) were replotted. Critical contact angles (theta(c)) that were determined via experimentation were in good agreement with theory. Slopes and y-intercepts were tabulated from linear regression equations of RS against theta plots in both the passive (theta < or = theta (c)) and active ( theta > or = theta(c)) configurations, for which theta = theta(c) identified the boundary between classical friction and binding phenomena. Stiffer archwires and shorter interbracket distances exacerbated binding, whereas, once corrected for differing bracket engagement, RS was independent of slot dimension. Unlike earlier results in the passive configuration, in the active configuration couples comprised of titanium alloys (NiTi and (beta-Ti) had higher RS values in the wet versus the dry state. For those archwire alloys evaluated, two empirical expressions were adduced that comprise the binding component, the yield strength or elastic limit, and the beam length, which implicitly represent the stiffness, flexibility, and interbracket distance.

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Section: Wire Stiffness (Exi) and Interbracket Distance (Ibd) In An Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Kusy

Whitley

2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…Several investigators have studied the causes and effects of resistance to sliding in the passive configuration as a function of wire alloy, bracket material, surface modification and roughness, and wet and dry states. 1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] As the angulation between the bracket and the archwire increases, the clearance between the archwire and the bracket slot disappears, and an interference fit occurs. Therefore, binding arises as a second component of resistance to sliding.…”

Section: S Liding Mechanics Are Commonly Used In Ortho-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional relationship between the critical contact angle and the torque angle

Kang¹,

Baek²,

Mah³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the critical contact angle and the torque angle in an orthodontic bracket and archwire assembly in 3 dimensions. Three-dimensional mathematical models were created with geometric bracket-archwire parameters that included 2 slot sizes, 3 bracket widths, and 3 to 4 wire sizes. From this, 3-dimensional mathematical equations (3DMEs) for the critical contact angle and the maximum torque that result in critical contact angles of 0 were derived and calculated. To evaluate the effects of archwire-bracket parameters on critical contact angles, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed at the significance level of P Յ .05. For all bracket-archwire combinations, the critical contact angle decreased as bracket width, torque angle, and wire size increased. Therefore, all bracket-archwire parameters except slot height had an effect on the critical contact angle. Results of the critical contact angle produced from our 3DMEs were the same as those produced by 3D computer-aided design (SolidWorks Corp, Concord, Mass), thus confirming the validity of our derived equations. In addition, the effect of a beveled edge was investigated in some archwires. Furthermore, torsional play angles were calculated and found to be similar to those in previous reports. The results of this study provide theoretic and experimental bases for clinical orthodontic practice and indicate that torque angles should be included in the evaluation of the critical contact angle. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:64-73)

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“…The analysis concluded that daims advocating the use of the widest bracket or the narrowest bracket were false. This intuitively suggests that an "average" widîh bracket would be more optimal, although Schlegel(1996) did not state a size. (Kusy and Whitley, 1990).…”

Section: Effect Of Bracket Width and Lnterôracket Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the width of the bracket alone cannot simply account for the level of fiction encountered because a complex relationship exists between the bracket width, interbracket distance, and wire stiffness, with these variables having a signifiant effect on fictional forces (Schlegel, 1996). First of all, an inverse relationship exists between bracket width and interbracket width.…”

Section: Effect Of Bracket Width and Lnterôracket Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schlegel's (1996) biomechanical analysis demonstrated an ideal relationship exists between slot length, interbracket distance, and position of the active bracket so that friction effects would be minimized. The analysis concluded that daims advocating the use of the widest bracket or the narrowest bracket were false.…”

Section: Effect Of Bracket Width and Lnterôracket Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frictional resistance evaluation of orthodontic brackets and archwires with sliding mechanics using quantified simulation of canine retraction

Smith¹

2001

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Relative friction minimization in fixed orthodontic bracket appliances

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Three-dimensional relationship between the critical contact angle and the torque angle

Frictional resistance evaluation of orthodontic brackets and archwires with sliding mechanics using quantified simulation of canine retraction

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