Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic comparison of calcium glucoheptonate with calcium carbonate

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Abbreviations: AE, adverse event; AUC 0-∞ , area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity; AUC 0-t , area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to time of the last measurable concentration; CI, confidence interval; C max , maximum plasma concentration; CV%, coefficient of variation; F, relative bioavailability; ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; LLOQ, lower limit of quantification; SD, standard deviation; t 1/2 , elimination half-life; T max , time to maximum plasma concentration. AbstractAdequate calcium intake is important for the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis. For some populations such as those of Southeast Asia where calcium intake is very low, supplements represent a suitable dietary source of calcium. The objective of this study was to compare the relative oral bioavailability of calcium from calcium glucoheptonate, a highly soluble calcium salt containing 8.2% of elemental calcium, to that of calcium carbonate. A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, twoperiod crossover study, with a 7-day washout period, was conducted in 24 Indonesian healthy adult volunteers. After a 12-hour (overnight) fast, subjects received either two oral ampoules of 250 mg/10 mL of calcium glucoheptonate each or one effervescent tablet of calcium carbonate containing 500 mg of elemental calcium. The relative oral bioavailability of calcium from calcium glucoheptonate as compared to calcium carbonate was 92% within 6 hours and 89% within 12 hours after study drug administration. The 90% confidence intervals for the mean test/reference ratios of the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve at 12 hours post-administration were 77.09%-120.31% and 60.58%-122.30%, respectively. Five subjects experienced a total of eight adverse events which were all mild and transient; no serious adverse events or deaths were reported. These results indicate that calcium glucoheptonate is associated with a high relative bioavailability of calcium compared to calcium carbonate, and is well-tolerated. Calcium glucoheptonate might thus be a potential choice for calcium supplementation in Southeast Asian populations. K E Y W O R D Sbioavailability, calcium carbonate, calcium glucoheptonate, pharmacokinetics, Southeast Asia

Research progress on applications of calcium derived from marine organisms

“…As a dietary calcium supplement, calcium formate has been found to exhibit significant advantages over both calcium carbonate and calcium citrate 48 . Calcium glucoheptonate has exhibited a high relative bioavailability of calcium and is well-tolerated in humans than calcium carbonate 49 . However, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are less concentrated forms of calcium, making them impractical oral supplements.…”

Characterisation of Nano-Calcium Lactate from Chicken Eggshells Synthesized by Precipitation Method as Food Supplement

“…Calcium is the most abundant reserved nutrient in the human body (Wiria et al 2020). Lack of calcium in food is a common problem (Brun et al 2013) that can lead to osteoporosis (Bradauskiene et al 2017) and bone loss (Wiria et al 2020).…”

“…Calcium is the most abundant reserved nutrient in the human body (Wiria et al 2020). Lack of calcium in food is a common problem (Brun et al 2013) that can lead to osteoporosis (Bradauskiene et al 2017) and bone loss (Wiria et al 2020). One of the efforts that can be done to prevent osteoporosis is by taking calcium supplements (Lee et al 2017;Paschalis et al 2017).…”

Calcium carbonate alleviates calcium deficiency through changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites

“…There are several forms of calcium supplements on the market, which differ mainly in elemental calcium content and bioavailability. The most commonly used oral calcium preparations include calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, and small amounts of calcium lactate and calcium gluconate [8]. Due to its relatively high elemental calcium content (40%) and low price, calcium carbonate is recognized as the most cost-effective calcium source in China and abroad, and is the preferred raw material for calcium supplements [9].…”

“…Thus, potential biomarkers of calcium de ciency can be identi ed through metabolomics. Calcium carbonate has relatively low solubility in water and requires stomach acid for full absorption [8]. Therefore, calcium supplements are mainly digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.…”