Relationships Between Social Anxiety and Smoking-Specific Experiential Avoidance

Watson, Noreen L; Heffner, Jaimee L.; McClure, Jennifer B.; Bricker, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1080/15504263.2016.1248310

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding mobile apps, only three studies examined the impact of mobile apps on improving smoking cessation. However, due to methodologic weaknesses, such as small sample size (eleven participants), 124 no control group and short-term follow-up (1 week), 125 , 126 three studies were excluded in the review. Figure 4 demonstrates the benefits of mobile-based smoking cessation intervention compared with various types of control groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which eHealth interventions are most effective for smoking cessation? A systematic review

Phuc¹,

Tran²,

Pham³

et al. 2018

PPA

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PurposeTo synthesize evidence of the effects and potential effect modifiers of different electronic health (eHealth) interventions to help people quit smoking.MethodsFour databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and The Cochrane Library) were searched in March 2017 using terms that included “smoking cessation”, “eHealth/mHealth” and “electronic technology” to find relevant studies. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were performed using Mantel–Haenszel test for fixed-effect risk ratio (RR) and restricted maximum-likelihood technique, respectively. Protocol Registration Number: CRD42017072560.ResultsThe review included 108 studies and 110,372 participants. Compared to nonactive control groups (eg, usual care), smoking cessation interventions using web-based and mobile health (mHealth) platform resulted in significantly greater smoking abstinence, RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.7–2.03), and RR 1.71 (95% CI 1.35–2.16), respectively. Similarly, smoking cessation trials using tailored text messages (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.54–2.10) and web-based information and conjunctive nicotine replacement therapy (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43) may also increase cessation. In contrast, little or no benefit for smoking abstinence was found for computer-assisted interventions (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11–1.53). The magnitude of effect sizes from mHealth smoking cessation interventions was likely to be greater if the trial was conducted in the USA or Europe and when the intervention included individually tailored text messages. In contrast, high frequency of texts (daily) was less effective than weekly texts.ConclusionsThere was consistent evidence that web-based and mHealth smoking cessation interventions may increase abstinence moderately. Methodologic quality of trials and the intervention characteristics (tailored vs untailored) are critical effect modifiers among eHealth smoking cessation interventions, especially for web-based and text messaging trials. Future smoking cessation intervention should take advantages of web-based and mHealth engagement to improve prolonged abstinence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which eHealth interventions are most effective for smoking cessation? A systematic review

Phuc¹,

Tran²,

Pham³

et al. 2018

PPA

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“…Socially anxious smokers also report particularly high levels of craving and urges during periods of abstinence compared to their less socially anxious counterparts . While two of these studies did not control for other factors, in four of these studies, social anxiety was a unique predictor of these outcomes after controlling for relevant factors such as depression, anxiety sensitivity, negative affect, and generalized anxiety. Specifically, social anxiety was a robust predictor of craving in two laboratory‐based studies and indices of coping‐motivated smoking in two cross‐sectional studies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…While two of these studies did not control for other factors, in four of these studies, social anxiety was a unique predictor of these outcomes after controlling for relevant factors such as depression, anxiety sensitivity, negative affect, and generalized anxiety. Specifically, social anxiety was a robust predictor of craving in two laboratory‐based studies and indices of coping‐motivated smoking in two cross‐sectional studies . Although social anxiety is associated with a number of other established predictors of continued smoking and relapse (eg, female gender, unemployment, sexual orientation, mental health co‐morbidity, and problematic alcohol use), much less is known about which of these factors may contribute to differences in smoking outcomes for socially anxious smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that social anxiety is associated with coping‐motivated cigarette smoking and craving—two robust predictors of poor cessation outcomes. For example, socially anxious smokers have a proclivity to smoke in order to cope with symptoms of social anxiety, negative affect, and internal smoking cues such as physical sensations, thoughts, and feelings . Socially anxious smokers also report particularly high levels of craving and urges during periods of abstinence compared to their less socially anxious counterparts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential prevalence of established risk factors for poor cessation outcomes among smokers by level of social anxiety

et al. 2017

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Background and Objectives Despite clear associations between social anxiety (SA), high prevalence of smoking, and cessation failure, little is known about factors contributing to these relationships. Moreover, the extent to which smokers with moderate SA represent an at-risk group of smokers is also unknown. This study examined the extent to which established risk factors for poor cessation (e.g., sociodemographic, smoking history, mental health comorbidity) are prevalent among smokers with low, moderate, and high levels of SA. Methods Participants (N = 2,637) were adult smokers from a web-based smoking cessation trial. Nineteen characteristics considered risk factors for poor cessation outcomes were assessed at baseline. Those associated with social anxiety were subsequently compared by SA level. Results Regression models indicated that 10/19 risk factors were associated with SA. Compared to smokers with low SA, those with moderate and high SA endorsed 4/10 and 10/10 risk factors as more prevalent or severe, respectively. Compared to smokers with low SA, High SA was associated with greater sociodemographic risk factors, while both moderate and high SA was associated with more severe mental health symptoms. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Smokers with moderate and high levels of SA endorse more risk factors for poor cessation outcomes than those with low levels of SA, particularly mental health symptoms. These factors may help explain the differential smoking outcomes of socially anxious smokers. Results suggest that smokers with both moderate and high levels of SA would likely benefit from cessation interventions that address and consider these risk factors.

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“…En este sentido, si el patrón de uso del teléfono móvil está condicionado por la evitación de sensaciones negativas internas, podría desembocar en problemas a largo plazo. La relación direccional observada entre la evitación experiencial y la adicción al móvil sugiere que la segunda depende de la primera como parece suceder en otros trastornos adictivos (p.e., Buckner y Zvolensky, 2014;Garey et al 2016;Hayes et al 1996;Levin et al, 2016;Watson et al, 2017). No obstante, y al tratarse de un estudio correlacional-exploratorio, estas relaciones de dependencia deben interpretarse con cautela y estudiarse bajo otras metodologías de investigación que permitan aproximarnos con más precisión a explicaciones causales.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evitación experiencial y uso abusivo del smartphone: un enfoque bayesiano

2018

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El uso del teléfono móvil se ha convertido en una actividad cotidiana en nuestro entorno más cercano. Dicho uso, según investigaciones recientes, tiene tanto aspectos positivos como negativos. Aunque hay controversia en cuanto a la denominación del fenómeno, se aprecia cierta preocupación por las consecuencias negativas que tiene el uso excesivo del teléfono móvil. Este estudio analiza la relación que se establece entre el uso abusivo del teléfono móvil y la evitación experiencial. Se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 1176 participantes (828 fueron mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 82 años (M = 30.97; DT = 12.05). Se empleó la escala SAS-SV para valorar el uso problemático del móvil y el AAQ-II para la evitación experiencial. Para modelar la relación que se establece entre las variables se hizo uso de inferencia bayesiana y redes bayesianas. Los resultados muestran una relación directa entre el uso abusivo, la evitación experiencial y las redes sociales. Además, los datos sugieren que el sexo juega un papel mediador entre estas variables. Estos resultados son útiles para entender el uso saludable y patológico del teléfono móvil así como para orientar el tratamiento de los trastornos que pueden surgir de un mal uso de estos dispositivos. Palabras clave: Evitación experiencial; Smartphone; Adicción; Redes sociales; Inferencia bayesiana. The smartphone is a common tool in our everyday lives. However, recent research suggests that using the smartphone has both positive and negative consequences. Although there is no agreement on the concept or the term to label it, researchers and clinical practitioners are worried about the negative consequences derived from excessive smartphone usage. This study aims to analyse the relationship between smartphone addiction and experiential avoidance. A sample of 1176 participants (828 women) with ages ranging from 16 to 82 (M = 30.97; SD = 12.05) was used. The SAS-SV scale was used to measure smartphone addiction and the AAQ-II to assess experiential avoidance. To model the relationship between variables, Bayesian inference and Bayesian networks were used. The results show that experiential avoidance and social networks usage are directly related to smartphone addiction. Additionally, the data suggests that sex is playing a mediating role in the observed relationship between these variables. These results are useful for understanding healthy and pathological interaction with smartphones and could be helpful in orienting or planning future psychological interventions to treat smartphone addiction.

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Relationships Between Social Anxiety and Smoking-Specific Experiential Avoidance

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Which eHealth interventions are most effective for smoking cessation? A systematic review

Which eHealth interventions are most effective for smoking cessation? A systematic review

Differential prevalence of established risk factors for poor cessation outcomes among smokers by level of social anxiety

Evitación experiencial y uso abusivo del smartphone: un enfoque bayesiano

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