Relationships among depression during pregnancy, social support and health locus of control among Iranian pregnant women

Moshki, Mahdi; Cheravi, Khadijeh

doi:10.1177/0020764015612119

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the other hand, spouse support among pregnant women was significantly higher compared to non-pregnant subjects. In this regard, the findings of Moshki et (18). Lower perception of social support in pregnant women could occasionally be attributed to the higher sensitivity of women during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Social support in the pregnant and non-pregnant women and its associated dimensions

Najmeh

Nazari

Shayeghian

et al. 2016

J Nurs Midwifery Sci

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Background and Purpose: Social support is considered as a facilitator of health behaviors in women. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the status of social support and its associated dimensions in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 310 pregnant and non-pregnant women referring to the health-care centers of Zarqan city in Shiraz, Iran in 2011. Participants were selected via convenience sampling. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.16 using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, T-test, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlationcoefficient). Results: In non-pregnant women, mean of the total social support was 40.08±2.80, and mean scores of support from friends, spouse, family and others were 12.08±1.33, 14.02±1.56, 14.53±0.96 and 13.54±1.09 respectively. Among pregnant women these values were 39.52±2.85, 11.72±1.59, 14.54±1.12, 14.38±1.06 and 13.41±1.18, respectively. The total support and support from friends were significantly higher in non-pregnant women compared to pregnant women (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). On the other hand, support from the spouse was significantly higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P = 0.01). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the total scores of social support and employment status of spouse among pregnant women (P<0.01). Also, significant associations were found between social support and employment status of spouse (P<0.01), mother' availability (P<0.05), and education status (P<0.05). Family support in pregnant women had a significant relationship with the employment status of spouse (P<0.05), father's availability (P<0.01), and mother's availability (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the social support from others and employment status of the pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there were significant differences in the total scores of social support and mean scores of support from the spouse and friends between pregnant and non-pregnant women. It seems that physical and psychological changes during pregnancy largely influence the perception of expecting mothers towards social support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Social support in the pregnant and non-pregnant women and its associated dimensions

Najmeh

Nazari

Shayeghian

et al. 2016

J Nurs Midwifery Sci

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“…Possibly the most obvious cause of this difference is the diversity of diagnostic tools used in the studies. For example, in the study of Moshki et al (24), who used EPSS questionnaire to assess depression, 30% depression was reported. Bondad et al (17) estimated the prevalence of depression to be 58% with the Beck questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Depression in Pregnant Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Azami

Badfar²,

Shohani

et al. 2018

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Context: Depression is a common problem during pregnancy. Depression has several adverse effects on the mother and infant. Evidence Acquisition: The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women in Iran. Methods: This study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the literature in the national and international databases, including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier (Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus), Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar using Persian and English (MeSH) keywords. Cochran's Q test and I 2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence using meta-analysis comprehension ver. 3. Results: 40 studies containing 15,870 Iranian pregnant women were included in the Meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was estimated to be high (I 2 = 99.70%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the high prevalence of depression in Iranian pregnant woman, identification and treatment of depression during pregnancy seem essential. Thus, program designing and implementation are recommended for improving the psychological health of pregnant women.

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“…In a study on health locus of control, prenatal depression based on the EPDS was experienced by 37% of the sample of 208 Iranian pregnant women [6]. Social support and health locus of control were significant predictors of depressive mood in a linear regression model.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Depression Risk Factors, Developmental Effects and Interventions: A Review

Field¹

2017

J Preg Child Health

113

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This narrative review based on a literature search in PubMed and PsycInfo on the two terms prenatal and antenatal depression includes empirical studies, reviews and meta-analyses that have been published during the last 5 years on risk factors, developmental effects and interventions for prenatal depression. Risk factor studies that met criteria feature demographic measures (lower socioeconomic status, less education, non-marital status, non-employment, less social support and health locus of control, unintended pregnancy, partner violence and history of child abuse) and physiological variables (cortisol, amylase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and intrauterine artery resistance). The negative effects include postpartum depression, paternal depression, and prematurity and low birth weight. Negative effects on infants include greater right frontal EEG, amygdala connectivity, cortical thinning and more difficult temperament. In childhood, externalizing and internalizing problems have been reported. The data on prenatal antidepressants (specifically SSRIs) reveal negative effects including internalizing problems as well as a greater risk for autism spectrum disorder. Prenatal interventions that have been effective include interpersonal psychotherapy, peer support, massage therapy, yoga, tai chi, and aerobic exercise. Potential underlying mechanisms are discussed as well as methodological limitations including homogeneity of samples and lack of randomization to intervention groups. Despite these limitations, the literature highlights the need for prenatal depression screening and intervention.

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Relationships among depression during pregnancy, social support and health locus of control among Iranian pregnant women

Abstract: Clinicians could assess social support and chance HLC to identify and treat women at risk of prenatal depression. By providing support during pregnancy, depression levels in women and its effects on the fetus may be decreased, which could prevent postpartum depression.

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Social support in the pregnant and non-pregnant women and its associated dimensions

Social support in the pregnant and non-pregnant women and its associated dimensions

The Prevalence of Depression in Pregnant Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prenatal Depression Risk Factors, Developmental Effects and Interventions: A Review

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