Relationship of Visceral Adiposity to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Black and White Teens

Abstract

of visceral adiposity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white teens. Obesity. 2007;15:1029 -1035. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that visceral adiposity, compared with general adiposity, would explain more of the variance in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Research Method and Procedures: Subjects were 464 adolescents (238 black and 205 girls). Adiposity measures included visceral adipose tissue (VAT; magnetic resonance imaging), percent body fat (%BF; DXA), BMI, and waist girth (anthropometry). CVD risk factors were fasting insulin, fibrinogen, total to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass indexed to height 2.7 . Results: After adjustment for age, race, and sex, all adiposity indices explained significant proportions of the variance in all of the CVD risk factors; %BF tended to explain more variance than VAT. Regression models that included both %BF and VAT found that both indices explained independent proportions of the variance only for total to highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. For TGs, the model that included both %BF and VAT found that only VAT was significant. For systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass indexed to height 2.7 , anthropometric measures explained more of the variance than VAT and %BF. Discussion: The hypothesis that visceral adiposity would explain more variance in CVD risk than general adiposity was not supported in this relatively large sample of black and white adolescents. Only for TGs did it seem that VAT was more influential than %BF. Perhaps the deleterious effect of visceral adiposity becomes greater later in life as it increases in proportion to general adiposity.

Daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

“…Unhealthy dietary patterns and lack of physical activity (PA) seem to be the most important risk factors (7,13,14) . High energy intake coming from increased consumption of simple carbohydrates and dietary fat, especially saturated and trans fatty acids, in conjunction with low consumption of foods rich in dietary fibre, seems to play a role in the early appearance and development of IR in childhood -even in normal-weight children (15) .…”

Dietary Sodium, Adiposity, and Inflammation in Healthy Adolescents

“…Assessments of SAAT and VAT have been described in detail elsewhere. 22 Briefly, a series of 5 transverse images was acquired from the lumbar region beginning at the inferior border of the fifth lumbar vertebra and proceeding toward the head; a 2-mm gap between images was used to prevent crosstalk. To calculate volumes for SAAT and VAT, the cross-sectional area from each slice was multiplied by the slice width (1 cm), and then the individual volumes were summed.…”

Sedentarism and Physical Inactivity Patterns Correlated with HOMA-IR in European Adolescents, the Helena Study

“…Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as genotype, age, overall and abdominal obesity, dietary factors, physical activity (PA) have been identified for IR [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In particular, the inverse correlation of PA with various markers of IR among children and adolescents has been extensively evaluated [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”