2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.004
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Abstract: Background Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects lasting as long as 1 week in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD). Ketamine is extensively metabolized. This study examined the relationship between ketamine metabolites and response, diagnosis, and psychotomimetic symptoms in MDD and BD patients. Methods Following a 40-minute ketamine infusion (.5 mg/kg), plasma samples were collected at 40, 80, 110, and 230 minutes and day 1 postinfusion in 67 patients currently exper… Show more

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Cited by 227 publications
(250 citation statements)
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“…However, it is not clear that any other more selective NMDA receptor antagonist tested in the clinic produces comparable or improved efficacy as has been demonstrated with ketamine (Sanacora and Schatzberg, 2015). Despite the psychomimetic effects and cognitive impairment that may be produced within the first 30-45 minutes following ketamine administration, the clinical use of ketamine in depressed patients does appear to decrease suicidality (DiazGranados et al, 2010;Zarate et al, 2012;Ballard et al, 2014;Price et al, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…However, it is not clear that any other more selective NMDA receptor antagonist tested in the clinic produces comparable or improved efficacy as has been demonstrated with ketamine (Sanacora and Schatzberg, 2015). Despite the psychomimetic effects and cognitive impairment that may be produced within the first 30-45 minutes following ketamine administration, the clinical use of ketamine in depressed patients does appear to decrease suicidality (DiazGranados et al, 2010;Zarate et al, 2012;Ballard et al, 2014;Price et al, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…22 Interestingly, human data indicate a positive link between plasma HNK metab olite levels and antidepressant response to ketamine. 60 Next, Zanos and colleagues 22 showed that the HNK metabolite itself has robust rapid and sustained antidepressant action similar to ketamine, with (R,R)HNK being more potent than (S,S)HNK, mirroring the enantiomerspecific effects of the parent compound.…”
Section: Ketamine Metabolitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…These metabolites may play a role in the antidepressant effects. Intriguingly, higher plasma levels of (2S,5S;2R,5R)-hydroxynorketamine were related to nonresponse to ketamine in bipolar disorder patients (Zarate et al, 2012a), some metabolites being perhaps responsible for psychotomimetic effects of ketamine.…”
Section: F N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonistsmentioning
confidence: 99%