Relationship between orientation to a blast and pressure wave propagation inside the rat brain

Chavko, M; Watanabe, Tomas; Adeeb, Saleena; Lankasky, Jason; Ahlers, Stephen T.; McCarron, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.11.019

Cited by 113 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This apparatus has been used in multiple prior studies to deliver blast overpressure injury to rats. [5][6][7][8] Individual rats were anesthetized using an isoflurane gas anesthesia system consisting of a vaporizer, gas lines and valves, and an activated charcoal scavenging system adapted for use with rodents. Rats were placed into a polycarbonate induction chamber, which was closed and immediately flushed with 5% isoflurane mixture in air for 2 min.…”

Section: Blast Overpressure Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Exposure Induces Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Traits in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Elder

Dorr²,

Gasperi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

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194

214

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Blast related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a major cause of injury in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. A striking feature of the mild TBI (mTBI) cases has been the prominent association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, because of the overlapping symptoms, distinction between the two disorders has been difficult. We studied a rat model of mTBI in which adult male rats were exposed to repetitive blast injury while under anesthesia. Blast exposure induced a variety of PTSD-related behavioral traits that were present many months after the blast exposure, including increased anxiety, enhanced contextual fear conditioning, and an altered response in a predator scent assay. We also found elevation in the amygdala of the protein stathmin 1, which is known to influence the generation of fear responses. Because the blast overpressure injuries occurred while animals were under general anesthesia, our results suggest that a blastrelated mTBI exposure can, in the absence of any psychological stressor, induce PTSD-related traits that are chronic and persistent. These studies have implications for understanding the relationship of PTSD to mTBI in the population of veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

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Section: Blast Overpressure Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Exposure Induces Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Traits in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Elder

Dorr²,

Gasperi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

Self Cite

194

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Shock tubes have been used for over a century to study combustion chemistry, high speed aerodynamics, and shock wave characteristics as well as the response of materiel to blast loading. The earliest reports in English appeared at the turn of the 20 th century; interest in research with shock tubes revived in the U.S. and Canada after World War II, and it was at that time that the term "shock tube" became prevalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Moreover, the expansion of the compressed gases results in a "jet effect" much larger than that produced by a blast wave. This jet of expanding gases applies additional force and transfers momentum to a test object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes for studying blast wave effects

Courtney¹,

Andrusiv

Courtney

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This paper describes the development and characterization of modular, oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes. Such tools are needed to produce realistic blast waves in a laboratory setting. The pressure-time profiles measured at 1 MHz using high speed piezoelectric pressure sensors have relevant durations and show a true shock front and exponential decay characteristic of free-field blast waves. Descriptions are included for shock tube diameters of 27 -79 mm. A range of peak pressures from 204 kPa to 1187 kPa (with 0.5 -5.6% standard error of the mean) were produced by selection of the driver section diameter and distance from the shock tube opening. The peak pressures varied predictably with distance from the shock tube opening while maintaining both a true blast wave profile and relevant pulse duration for distances up to about one diameter from the shock tube opening. This shock tube design provides a more realistic blast profile than current compression-driven shock tubes, and it does not have a large jet effect. In addition, operation does not require specialized personnel or facilities like most blastdriven shock tubes, which reduces operating costs and effort and permits greater throughput and accessibility. It is expected to be useful in assessing the response of various sensors to shock wave loading; assessing the reflection, transmission, and absorption properties of candidate armor materials; assessing material properties at high rates of loading; assessing the response of biological materials to shock wave exposure; and providing a means to validate numerical models of the interaction of shock waves with structures. All of these activities have been difficult to pursue in a laboratory setting due in part to lack of appropriate means to produce a realistic blast loading profile.

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“…Exposure to incident BOP waves is known to damage the hollow gas-filled organs such as ears, lungs, and intestines [1][2][3][4]. Traumatic brain injury and blast-induced neurotrauma upon exposure to blast waves have also been confirmed in animal studies [5][6][7][8][9]. In order to reproduce the ideal blast wave profiles, the proper designs of these studies are appropriate to replicate field conditions in the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, those tubes used to reproduce BOP waves for the study of biological damage are usually designated as biological shock tubes (BSTs) [12], which include compression-driven and blast-driven designs. Compressiondriven shock tubes [2,8,[10][11][12][13]16] avoid the safety concerns related to the storage and handling of high explosives and reduce the cost of test facilities to maintain, but they often fail to accurately represent the Friedlander waveform of freefield blast waves [5,6]. Blast-driven shock tubes [14,15,17] Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the effects of shock tube geometry on the propagation of an ideal blast wave profile

Jiang

2017

Shock Waves

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Bio-shock tubes (BSTs) can approximately simulate the typical blast waves produced by nuclear or chemical charge explosions for use in biological damage studies. The profile of an ideal blast wave in air is characterized by the overpressure, the negative pressure, and the positive pressure duration, which are determined by the geometric configurations of BSTs. Numerical experiments are carried out using the Eulerian equations by the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme to investigate the effect of different structural components on ideal blast waveforms. The results show that cylindrical and conical frustum driver sections with an appropriate length can produce typical blast wave profiles, but a flattened peak pressure may appear when using a tube of a longer length. Neither a double-expansion tube nor a shrinkage tube set in BSTs is practical for the production of an ideal blast waveform. In addition, negative pressure recovery will occur, exceeding the ambient pressure with an increase in pressure in the vacuum section.

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Relationship between orientation to a blast and pressure wave propagation inside the rat brain

Cited by 113 publications

References 22 publications

Blast Exposure Induces Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Traits in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Blast Exposure Induces Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Traits in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes for studying blast wave effects

Numerical investigation of the effects of shock tube geometry on the propagation of an ideal blast wave profile

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