Relationship between functional vision and balance and mobility performance in community-dwelling older adults

Aartolahti, Eeva; Häkkinen, Arja; Lönnroos, Eija; Kautiainen, Hannu; Sulkava, Raimo; Hartikainen, Sirpa

doi:10.1007/s40520-013-0120-z

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A substantial number of interventional studies in the past decade which have been targeted at reducing FoF with Tai Chi or other forms of exercise have mostly proven successful [60–62]. Since prior works have identified depression and anxiety [63, 64], poor balance [43], visual impairment [65], and an unsafe environment [66] as risk factors for FoF, rehabilitation strategies may be effective by targeting these factors as well. Further study should focus upon establishing which of these elements are most critical to reducing FoF, and testing multifaceted approaches which address FoF in this patient population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity restriction in age-related eye disease: a cross-sectional study exploring fear of falling as a potential mediator

et al. 2015

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BackgroundFear of falling (FoF) is predictive of decreased physical activity. This study sought to determine if FoF mediates the relationship between decreased vision and physical activity restriction in individuals with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsAccelerometers were used to measure physical activity over 1 week in 59 control, 83 glaucoma, and 58 AMD subjects. Subjects completed the University of Illinois at Chicago Fear of Falling Questionnaire, and the extent of FoF was estimated using Rasch analysis. In negative binomial models adjusting for demographic, health, and social factors, FoF was investigated as a potential mediator between the severity of visual field (VF) loss (in glaucoma patients) or the severity of contrast sensitivity (CS) loss (in AMD patients) and decreased engagement in physical activity, defined as minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day.ResultsIn multivariate negative binomial regression models, 5-decibels worse VF mean deviation was associated with 26 % less engagement in MVPA [rate ratio (RR) = 0.74, p < 0.01] amongst glaucoma subjects. When FoF was added to the model, the RR increased from 0.74 to 0.78, and VF loss severity remained associated with less MVPA at a statistically significant level (p < 0.01). Likewise, 0.1 log units worse CS was associated with 11 % less daily MVPA (RR = 0.89, p < 0.01) amongst AMD subjects. When FoF was added to the model, the RR increased from 0.89 to 1.02, and CS loss was no longer associated with MVPA at a statistically significant level (p = 0.53).ConclusionsFoF may mediate the relationship between vision loss and physical activity restriction amongst patients with AMD. Future work should determine optimal strategies for reducing FoF in individuals with vision loss in order to prevent the deleterious effects of physical activity restriction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity restriction in age-related eye disease: a cross-sectional study exploring fear of falling as a potential mediator

et al. 2015

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“…As a screening tool, WS can identify those at-risk of adverse outcomes or in need of intervention (Cesari et al, 2005; Montero-Odasso et al, 2005). Walking speed is the result of a complex interplay of multiple body structures and functions; proactive and reactive postural control (Woollacott & Tang, 1997), lower extremity strength (Bohannon, 1997) (Clark, Manini, Fielding, & Patten, 2013), aerobic capacity (Fiser et al, 2010), proprioception (Park, Kim, & Lee, 2013), and vision (Aartolahti et al, 2013) all contribute to WS. Therefore, patients who present with WSs indicative of impairment warrant further testing to determine the cause(s) of their decreased speed.…”

Section: Clinical Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

Walking Speed: The Functional Vital Sign

Middleton

Fritz

Lusardi

2015

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

893

608

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Walking speed (WS) is a valid, reliable, sensitive measure appropriate for assessing and monitoring functional status and overall health in a wide range of populations. These capabilities have led to its designation as the “6th vital sign”. By synthesizing the available evidence on WS, this scholarly review article provides clinicians with a reference tool regarding this robust measure. Recommendations on testing procedures for assessing WS, including optimal distance, inclusion of acceleration/deceleration phases, instructions, and instrumentation are given. After assessing an individual’s WS, clinicians need to know what this value represents. Therefore, WS cut-off values and the corresponding predicted outcomes, as well as minimal detectable change values for specific populations and settings are provided.

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“…In the elderly, visual function is associated with the ability to maintain postural balance and perform daily activities (Aartolahti et al 2013). Voluntary and involuntary eye movements are induced to assess the surroundings and respond to visual stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Bae

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Vision, proprioception and plantar sensation contribute to the control of postural balance (PB). Reduced plantar sensation alters postural response and is at an increased risk of fall, and eye movements reduce the postural sway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the improvement of plantar sensation and PB after saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in community-dwelling elderly women. Participants (104 females; 75.11 ± 6.25 years) were randomly allocated into the SEM group (n = 52) and PEM groups (n = 52). The SEM group performed eye fixation and SEM for 5 minutes, and the PEM group performed eye fixation and PEM for 5 minutes. The plantar sensation was measured according to the plantar surface area of the feet in contact with the floor surface before and after the intervention. Before and after SEM and PEM with the eyes open and closed, PB was measured as the area (mm 2 ), length (cm), and velocity (cm/s) of the fluctuation of the center of pressure (COP). The plantar sensation of both feet improved in both groups (p < 0.01). Significant decreases in the area, length, and velocity of the COP were observed in the eye open and close in both groups (p < 0.01). The length and velocity of the COP significantly decreased in the SEM group compared to the PEM group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SEM and PEM are effective interventions for improving plantar sensation and PB in elderly women, with greater PB improvement after SEM.

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Relationship between functional vision and balance and mobility performance in community-dwelling older adults

Abstract: Background and Aims: Vision is an important prerequisite for balance control and

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Physical activity restriction in age-related eye disease: a cross-sectional study exploring fear of falling as a potential mediator

Physical activity restriction in age-related eye disease: a cross-sectional study exploring fear of falling as a potential mediator

Walking Speed: The Functional Vital Sign

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

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