Relationship between endothelial function and skeletal muscle strength in community dwelling elderly women

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine whether there is correlation between endothelial function and skeletal muscle function measured by hand grip strength in elderly women.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data of NAMGARAM‐2 cohort. The NAMGARAM‐2 cohort consisted of a group of people living in three rural communities. They were enrolled for studies on activity limitation due to age‐related musculoskeletal disorders including knee osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. They were residents aged 40 years or older. They agreed to participate in this cohort from March 2016 to May 2017. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed by reactive hyperaemia‐peripheral arterial tonometry using EndoPAT2000 system. Hand grip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer.ResultsEndothelial function index assessed by EndoPAT was worse in the low grip strength group than that in the normal group of elderly women (1.54 ± 0.51 in the low grip strength group vs. 1.77 ± 0.67 in the normal group, P = 0.003). There was a positive correlation between hand grip strength and endothelial function (r = 0.176, P = 0.007). On stepwise multivariate analysis, endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperaemia‐peripheral arterial tonometry index < 1.67) significantly increased the risk of low hand grip strength (odds ratio = 2.019; 95% confidence interval = 1.107–3.682; P = 0.022).ConclusionsEndothelial function and skeletal muscle strength had a significant correlation in elderly women, providing additional support for the relevant role of vascular system in sarcopenia.

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

“…All 33 studies were either cross-sectional or randomized controlled trials published within the past 10 years (Table 1). Twenty-three studies [20,26,27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] included healthy mixed-age adults (age range 18-95) and two studies [53,54] included healthy community-dwelling older adults (age range [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Six studies sampled participants with hypertension [55][56][57][58][59][60], one study sampled individuals with diabetes as a comparator to healthy aged popula...…”

“…Study populations varied from a minimum of 6 [20] to a maximum of 3356 [42] participants. Eight studies included only men [25,27,37,42,49,50,56,61] and four studies included only women [38,52,53,60]. Most studies reported the age range of the participants, except for two studies with one claiming to study "middle-aged" adults [46] and one using adult participants [62].…”

“…Table 2 indicates details of the assessment tools used to estimate skeletal muscle health. Most studies reported a measurement of skeletal muscle strength [26,27,[34][35][36][37]39,41,49,53,55,57,59,60]. Thirteen studies assessed muscle mass [20,25,27,34,39,[42][43][44]47,48,54,58,61] and six studies assessed muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) [33,46,47,56,61,62].…”

“…Seven studies examined muscle function [35,38,40,[49][50][51][52], one study assessed muscular power [41] and one study assessed the muscle anabolic response [20]. Body composition was measured as whole body lean mass [27,34,35,[38][39][40][42][43][44][47][48][49]51,52,54,58] or as appendicular lean mass [20,25,26,33,36,37,41,46,50,53,[55][56][57][59][60][61][62]. To assess skeletal muscle mass various modalities were utilized including BIA [42][43][44]54,58], DXA [25,27,…”

A combination of depression and decreased physical function further worsens the prognosis of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease

“…Patients with CVD develop heart failure symptoms at a high rate, leading to decreased peripheral blood fl ow, chronic infl ammation [27], decreased physical activity [33] and malnutrition [34], which may cause skeletal muscle disorder and decreased physical function [35]. On the other hand, decreased physical function may increase the incidence of cardiovascular events due to decreased balance ability [36] and vascular endothelial Dysfunction [37]. In this study, the depressive tendency determined by HADS was considered to be an independent determinant of physical function, suggesting that physical function declines due to the combination with depressive tendency.…”