Relationship Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters From 3-Minute All-Out Tethered Swimming and 400-m Maximal Front Crawl Effort

Abstract

The main aim of this investigation was to verify the relationship of the variables measured during a 3-minute all-out test with aerobic (i.e., peak oxygen uptake [(Equation is included in full-text article.)] and intensity corresponding to the lactate minimum [LMI]) and anaerobic parameters (i.e., anaerobic work) measured during a 400-m maximal performance. To measure force continually and to avoid the possible influences caused by turns, the 3-minute all-out effort was performed in tethered swimming. Thirty swimmers performed the following tests: (a) a 3-minute all-out tethered swimming test to determine the final force (equivalent to critical force: CF3-MIN) and the work performed above CF3-MIN (W'3-MIN), (b) a LMI protocol to determine the LMI during front crawl swimming, and (c) a 400-m maximal test to determine the (Equation is included in full-text article.)and total anaerobic contribution (WANA). Correlations between the variables were tested using the Pearson's correlation test (p ≤ 0.05). CF3-MIN (73.9 ± 13.2 N) presented a high correlation with the LMI (1.33 ± 0.08 m·s; p = 0.01) and (Equation is included in full-text article.)(4.5 ± 1.2 L·min; p = 0.01). However, the W'3-MIN (1,943.2 ± 719.2 N·s) was only moderately correlated with LMI (p = 0.02) and (Equation is included in full-text article.)(p = 0.01). In summary, CF3-MIN determined during the 3-minute all-out effort is associated with oxidative metabolism and can be used to estimate the aerobic capacity of swimmers. In contrast, the anaerobic component of this model (W'3-MIN) is not correlated with WANA.

A Rapidly-Incremented Tethered-Swimming Test for Defining Domain-Specific Training Zones

“…However, O 2 was not measured in that study; hence, the degree to which the metabolic rates at the tethered-swimming critical force and free-swimming critical velocity were similar (e.g., presumably, a critical metabolic rate that is equivalent to O 2 RCP ; Keir et al, 2015) could not be determined. Parameters derived from both incremental (Papoti et al, 2009) and constant-load all-out (Kalva-Filho et al, 2015; Papoti et al, 2010) tethered-swimming tests have also been shown to predict performance during free swimming. Finally, Matsumoto et al (1999) used a discontinuous incremental-loading tethered protocol with four-minute stages to determine the LT in children with asthma (Matsumoto et al, 1999).…”

Aerobic and Anaerobic Swimming Force Evaluation in One Single Test Session for Young Swimmers

“…Despite the recurrent importance given to modulating swimming training based on individual aerobic capacity [3,19,33], together with the relationship between force development and swimming performance [1,18], this protocol application was yet to be tested until now. Other studies show aerobic capacity estimated in force units using protocols as incremental tests (53.96 ± 11.52 N and 54.10 ± 10.39 N), critical force (57.09 ± 11.77 N) and the 3-min all-out test (73.9 ± 13.2 N) [16,26,28]. TSLacmin advantage over these examples is to return, in one single test, consolidated anaerobic force parameters together with the aerobic force evaluation proposed here.…”

“…Regarding AO30s suitability to induce hyperlactatemia, two 50 m sprints [31], or one 200 m sprint [16,20] are examples used for this purpose. Cycling and running present several other strategies to induce hyperlactatemia, such as sprints lasting 20 (2), 30 or 40 s, 300 m and 200 m sprints [13,32,34], resulting in [la]peak ranging 6.8 ± 1.1 mmol • l − 1 to 14.0 ± 2.2 mmol • l − 1 .…”

Effect of duration of tapering on 100-m freestyle performance in swimmers

“…Swimming is an individual aquatic sport with the predominance of the use of anaerobic metabolism in most of its races. 1 However, in the case of young athletes in swimming, considering the time under physical exertion in races, it seems that the aerobic metabolism can also exert considerable energy contribution 1 . The competitive swimming program includes tests ranging from distance (50 m to 1.500 m) and swimming style (crawl, butterfly, backstroke, breakstroke or medley).…”