Relation of Enamel Protein to Dental Caries

Pincus, P.

doi:10.1038/1611014a0

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…These tubular lesions, which possibly form along a group of prisms (31), may have serious clinical implications, such as delayed diagnosis of decay, due to lack of visible signs on the tooth surface and a fast progression of the disease into the dentin. Enamel rod boundaries have been acknowledged as the main pathway for acid attack and demineralization, and the proteins located at the rod sheath were shown to be more chemically stable in enamel from patients with healthy teeth than in sound enamel areas from patients who are prone to develop caries (10,11). Moreover, the pit and fissure area of mature permanent human teeth has a very convoluted prism arrangement with high concentration of tufts (7) and is normally resistant to acid/carious attack (32), suggesting that tufts offer some protection against caries.…”

Section: E337kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuft material extends throughout the enamel thickness as thin enamel rod sheaths surrounding each individual rod (7). Enamel tufts and rod sheaths play an essential role in the mechanical performance of enamel (8,9) and influence the initiation and progression of caries (10,11). It has been suggested that they contain keratin-like material (12,13), but a high degree of crosslinking has precluded full characterization of their protein composition (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hair keratin mutations in tooth enamel increase dental decay risk

Duverger¹,

O’Hara²,

Shaffer³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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B r i e f r e p o r t5hair in the facial area upon shaving, is associated with a polymorphism (rs2232387) in the KRT75 gene and more prevalent in AfricanAmericans due to the curly nature of their hair (23). This G-to-A missense mutation (KRT75 GA or KRT75 AA genotypes) leads to an alanine-to-threonine substitution at position 161 (A161T) in a highly conserved region of the 1A α-helical segment of KRT75 ( Figure 1E). To determine whether the KRT75 A161T mutation had clinical impact on enamel function, we tested the genetic association between the KRT75 polymorphism (rs2232387) and tooth decay assessed as dental caries experience in the primary dentition of 386 children (mixed European descent, 6-12 years) and permanent dentition of 706 adults (mixed European descent, 25-50 years). The missense A allele of rs2232387, which was observed in 23% of the samples, was associated with a higher number of carious tooth surfaces in adults but not children ( Figure 1F and Supplemental Table 1).We investigated the expression pattern of KRT75 in mouse enamel organ and in mature human enamel. KRT75 was expressed by mouse ameloblasts at the secretory stage (Supplemental Figure 2A) and detected in the tufts and rod sheaths of mature human enamel ( Figure 1, B and C). Interestingly, until enamel matrix proteins were identified, enamel was thought to be a keratinized structure, like hair and nail, with an extreme degree of mineralization (18,19). Here, we show that a subset of hair keratins is expressed by ameloblasts, and we demonstrate that KRT75 is incorporated into the tufts and rod sheaths in mature enamel. Since keratins are not secreted proteins, their deposition in enamel may be related to the retention of cell fragments at the periphery of the rods (20).Mutations in hair keratins have been reported in various human pathological conditions (21, 22). Among them, pseudofolliculitis barbae, a hair disorder characterized by the formation of ingrown (F) Genetic association between the rs2232387 polymorphism and caries experience in primary and permanent dentition. Pie charts show allelic distribution of the rs2232387 polymorphism measured on 706 adults and 386 children. Graphs show measure of caries experience for each genotype: left, number of tooth surfaces with untreated decay (DS and ds); center, number of decayed, missing due to decay, and filled surfaces (DMFS and dfs); right, partial DMFS and dfs indices limited to the molars and premolars pit and fissure (PF and pf) surfaces. etched tooth samples sectioned in the plane transecting the enamel rods revealed that the distribution and characteristic keyhole shape of the rods were altered in individuals carrying the variant A allele (Figure 2A). Tufts and rod sheaths isolated from patients with the KRT75 GA or KRT75 AA genotype appeared disorganized ( Figure 2B), and the distribution pattern of KRT75 was highly disrupted ( Figure 2C). This was further corroborated by transmission electron microscopy analysis ( Figure 2D). These results suggest that epithelial hair keratins s...

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Section: E337kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair keratin mutations in tooth enamel increase dental decay risk

Duverger¹,

O’Hara²,

Shaffer³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…parties plus minéralisées. La stabilité des protéines constituant la gaine des prismes joue un rôle dans la résistance aux caries [8,9]. Il semblerait donc que la kératine 75 et d'autres kéra-tines du poil présentes dans l'émail contribuent, via leurs propriétés biochimiques uniques, à la stabilisation de la gaine de l'émail.…”

Section: Mutations Dans Les Kératines Du Poil Et Risque De Cariesunclassified

Des kératines du cheveu dans l’émail dentaire

Duverger

2015

Med Sci (Paris)

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“…Even though the presence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in this tissue has been known since 1948 [1], this glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was considered to be the only noncollagenous organic constituent for almost two decades. Some fundamental work also demonstrated the presence of other substances [2], but not until pure collagenase preparations were available could the amount and heterogeneity of the noncollagenous organic matrix (NCM) be studied in detail [3][4][5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dentine glycosaminoglycans using high-performance liquid chromatography

et al. 1983

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Puppy dentine was prepared using ultracentrifugation of tooth powder in organic density gradients. The glycosaminoglycans of the obtained tissue fraction were prepared after papain digestion and beta-elimination, using preparative chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CPC-cellulose. These polysaccharide fractions were analyzed using highly sensitive HPLC procedures. One such HPLC procedure allowed hyaluronic acid to be determined in less than microgram amounts. The glycosaminoglycans thus prepared consisted only of chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and small amounts of highly hybridized dermatan sulfate, while the experiments failed to demonstrate even trace amounts of keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid or heparan sulfate.

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Relation of Enamel Protein to Dental Caries

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Hair keratin mutations in tooth enamel increase dental decay risk

Hair keratin mutations in tooth enamel increase dental decay risk

Des kératines du cheveu dans l’émail dentaire

Analysis of dentine glycosaminoglycans using high-performance liquid chromatography

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