Reinforcing the Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death Via Artificial Engineered Cascade Bioreactor‐Enhanced Chemo‐Immunotherapy for Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy

Sun, Kai; Hu, Jinzhong; Meng, Xiangyu; Ye, Lei; Zhang, Xuezhong; Lu, Zhuoxuan; Zhang, Liming; Wang, Zhifei

doi:10.1002/smll.202101897

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…reported that 3.6 nm gold NPs (AuNPs) can catalyze glucose oxidation, giving the same products as glucose oxidase (GOx) . Since then, AuNPs have become a very popular GOx mimicking nanozyme. − In that work, Comotti et al . mentioned that the surface atoms need to be considered as the nanozyme active sites, consistent with our opinion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanozyme Catalytic Turnover and Self-Limited Reactions

2021

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Enzymes have catalytic turnovers. The field of nanozyme endeavors to engineer nanomaterials as enzyme mimics. However, a discrepancy in the definition of "nanozyme concentration" has led to an unrealistic calculation of nanozyme catalytic turnovers. To date, most of the reported works have considered either the atomic concentration or nanoparticle (NP) concentration as nanozyme concentration. These assumptions can lead to a significant under-or overestimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes. In this article, we review some classic nanozymes including Fe 3 O 4 , CeO 2 , and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a focus on the reported catalytic activities. We argue that only the surface atoms should be considered as nanozyme active sites, and then the turnover numbers and rates were recalculated based on the surface atoms. According to the calculations, the catalytic turnover of peroxidase Fe 3 O 4 NPs is validated. AuNPs are self-limited when performing glucose-oxidase like activity, but they are also true catalysts. For CeO 2 NPs, a self-limited behavior is observed for both oxidase-and phosphatase-like activities due to the adsorption of reaction products. Moreover, the catalytic activity of single-atom nanozymes is discussed. Finally, a few suggestions for future research are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanozyme Catalytic Turnover and Self-Limited Reactions

2021

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“…Sun et al found a method that utilized tadpole-ovoid manganese-doped hollow mesoporous silica to administer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), DOX, and aspirin (ASA) to strengthen ICD ( Figure 7 ). 90 When the structure collapsed in an acidic and GSH-sufficient environment, AuNPs were exposed to glucose for GOx-like catalysis, and Mn 2+ was liberated for a Fenton-like reaction. ROS was then produced by the dual effects.…”

Section: Combined Therapy Targeting Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Metabolism Intervention-Facilitated Nanomedicine Therapy

Li¹,

Li²,

Ai³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Ordinarily, cancer cells possess features of abnormally increased nutrient intake and metabolic pathways. The disorder of glucose metabolism is the most important among them. Therefore, starvation therapy targeting glucose metabolism specifically, which results in metabolic disorders, restricted synthesis, and inhibition of tumor growth, has been developed for cancer therapy. However, issues such as inadequate targeting effectiveness and drug tolerance impede their clinical transformation. In recent years, nanomaterial-assisted starvation treatment has made significant progress in addressing these challenges, whether as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. Herein, representative researches on the construction of nanosystems conducting starvation therapy are introduced. Elaborate designs and interactions between different treatment mechanisms are meticulously mentioned. Not only are traditional treatments based on glucose oxidase involved, but also newly sprung small molecule agents targeting glucose metabolism. The obstacles and potential for advancing these anticancer therapies were also highlighted in this review.

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“…Aspirin (ASA) was found to improve the immune microenvironment [ 134 ] by reducing the secretion of PGE2 via inhibiting COX-2 expression. Sun et al [ 135 ] constructed the Au@HMnMSNs nanoplatform loading DOX and ASA. Nanoparticles can consume GSH in an acidic environment and release Mn 2+ to further induce Fenton-like reactions, while the inner gold nanoparticles can convert glucose into H 2 O 2 to accelerate •OH generation with inducing a starving effect.…”

Section: Comprehensive Antitumor Therapeutic System Of “Metal-oxidase” System Combined With Other Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenton/Fenton-like metal-based nanomaterials combine with oxidase for synergistic tumor therapy

et al. 2021

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Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) catalyzed by transition metal and starvation therapy catalyzed by intracellular metabolite oxidases are both classic tumor treatments based on nanocatalysts. CDT monotherapy has limitations including low catalytic efficiency of metal ions and insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Also, single starvation therapy shows limited ability on resisting tumors. The “metal-oxidase” cascade catalytic system is to introduce intracellular metabolite oxidases into the metal-based nanoplatform, which perfectly solves the shortcomings of the above-mentioned monotherapiesIn this system, oxidases can not only consume tumor nutrients to produce a “starvation effect”, but also provide CDT with sufficient H2O2 and a suitable acidic environment, which further promote synergy between CDT and starvation therapy, leading to enhanced antitumor effects. More importantly, the “metal-oxidase” system can be combined with other antitumor therapies (such as photothermal therapy, hypoxia-activated drug therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) to maximize their antitumor effects. In addition, both metal-based nanoparticles and oxidases can activate tumor immunity through multiple pathways, so the combination of the “metal-oxidase” system with immunotherapy has a powerful synergistic effect. This article firstly introduced the metals which induce CDT and the oxidases which induce starvation therapy and then described the “metal-oxidase” cascade catalytic system in detail. Moreover, we highlight the application of the “metal-oxidase” system in combination with numerous antitumor therapies, especially in combination with immunotherapy, expecting to provide new ideas for tumor treatment.

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Reinforcing the Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death Via Artificial Engineered Cascade Bioreactor‐Enhanced Chemo‐Immunotherapy for Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy

Cited by 53 publications

References 40 publications

Nanozyme Catalytic Turnover and Self-Limited Reactions

Nanozyme Catalytic Turnover and Self-Limited Reactions

Glucose Metabolism Intervention-Facilitated Nanomedicine Therapy

Fenton/Fenton-like metal-based nanomaterials combine with oxidase for synergistic tumor therapy

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