Regulatory Control of Microglial Phagocytosis by Estradiol and Prostaglandin E2 in the Developing Rat Cerebellum

Pérez-Pouchoulén, Miguel; Yu, Stacey J; Roby, Clinton R.; Bonsavage, Nicole; McCarthy, Margaret M.

doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01071-z

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Astrocyte populations also show regional differences, with cerebellar astrocytes being outnumbered by neurons, while cortical astrocytes greatly outnumber neurons 61 . Estrogen modulates the formation of dendritic spines and synapses through regulation of microglia 17 , and stimulates calcium release and progesterone synthesis in astrocytes 62 , presenting additional mechanisms to explain the observed discrepancy in estradiolcoherence associations. Additional research is needed to definitively link differences in receptor expression or cellular populations to variability observed at the mesoscopic level of functional networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar network organization across the human menstrual cycle

Fitzgerald

Pritschet

Santander

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The cerebellum contains the vast majority of neurons in the brain and houses distinct functional networks that constitute at least two homotopic maps of cerebral networks. It is also a major site of sex steroid hormone action. While the functional organization of the human cerebellum has been characterized, the influence of sex steroid hormones on intrinsic cerebellar network dynamics has yet to be established. Here we investigated the extent to which endogenous fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone alter functional cerebellar networks at rest in a woman densely sampled over a complete menstrual cycle (30 consecutive days). Edgewise regression analysis revealed robust negative associations between progesterone and cerebellar coherence. Graph theory metrics probed sex hormones’ influence on topological brain states, revealing relationships between sex hormones and within-network integration in Ventral Attention, Dorsal Attention, and SomatoMotor Networks. Together these results suggest that the intrinsic dynamics of the cerebellum are intimately tied to day-by-day changes in sex hormones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar network organization across the human menstrual cycle

Fitzgerald

Pritschet

Santander

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In addition to the anti-inflammatory aspect of estradiol on microglia, it has also been described that the hormone is capable of modulating the phagocytic capacity of microglia during development [214] and in animal models of Alzheimer's disease [215].…”

Section: Effects Of Estradiol On Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial and Astrocytic Function in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Estrogenic Modulation

Crespo‐Castrillo

Arévalo

2020

IJMS

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There are sexual differences in the onset, prevalence, and outcome of numerous neurological diseases. Thus, in Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and major depression disorder, the incidence in women is higher than in men. In contrast, men are more likely to present other pathologies, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and autism spectrum. Although the neurological contribution to these diseases has classically always been studied, the truth is that neurons are not the only cells to be affected, and there are other cells, such as glial cells, that are also involved and could be key to understanding the development of these pathologies. Sexual differences exist not only in pathology but also in physiological processes, which shows how cells are differentially regulated in males and females. One of the reasons these sexual differences may occur could be due to the different action of sex hormones. Many studies have shown an increase in aromatase levels in the brain, which could indicate the main role of estrogens in modulating proinflammatory processes. This review will highlight data about sex differences in glial physiology and how estrogenic compounds, such as estradiol and tibolone, could be used as treatment in neurological diseases due to their anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to modulate glial cell functions.

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“…This process can be disrupted by inflammation with long-term consequences, but has been observed only in males ( Hoffman et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, endogenous E 2 has been shown to affect microglial phagocytosis during the sensitive window of postnatal development of the CER ( Perez-Pouchoulen et al, 2019 ). E 2 also regulates the neurotransmission of parallel fibers to Purkinje cells in the CER ( Hedges et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: The Effect Of T and E 2 On Brain Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of sex steroids in biological functions by classical and non-classical pathways. An update

Pillerová

Borbélyová

Hodosy

et al. 2021

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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The sex steroid hormones (SSHs) play several roles in regulation of various processes in the cardiovascular, immune, muscular and neural systems. SSHs affect prenatal and postnatal development of various brain structures, including regions associated with important physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional functions. This action can be mediated by either intracellular or transmembrane receptors. While the classical mechanisms of SSHs action are relatively well examined, the physiological importance of non-classical mechanism of SSHs action through membrane-associated and transmembrane receptors in the brain remains unclear. The most recent summary describing the role of SSHs in different body systems is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss classical and non-classical signaling pathways of testosterone and estradiol action via their receptors at functional, cellular, tissue level and to describe the effects on various body systems and behavior. Particular emphasis will be on brain regions including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, frontal cortex and cerebellum.

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Regulatory Control of Microglial Phagocytosis by Estradiol and Prostaglandin E2 in the Developing Rat Cerebellum

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Cerebellar network organization across the human menstrual cycle

Cerebellar network organization across the human menstrual cycle

Microglial and Astrocytic Function in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Estrogenic Modulation

On the role of sex steroids in biological functions by classical and non-classical pathways. An update

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