Regulation of proline biosynthesis and resistance to drought stress in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes of different origin

Comparative physiological attributes of cultivated and wild relatives of barley in response to different water environments

“…Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome drought stress conditions (Fang & Xiong, 2015). Barley species display three strategies for coping with drought: escape, avoidance, and tolerance (Bandurska et al., 2017). With the drought escape strategy, genotypes from regions characterized by terminal drought (i.e., drought at the reproductive stage) complete their life cycle before the onset of severe water deficit (Bandurska et al., 2017).…”

“…Barley species display three strategies for coping with drought: escape, avoidance, and tolerance (Bandurska et al., 2017). With the drought escape strategy, genotypes from regions characterized by terminal drought (i.e., drought at the reproductive stage) complete their life cycle before the onset of severe water deficit (Bandurska et al., 2017). Plants using a drought avoidance strategy maintain sufficient cellular hydration when water is scarce (Bandurska et al., 2017).…”

“…With the drought escape strategy, genotypes from regions characterized by terminal drought (i.e., drought at the reproductive stage) complete their life cycle before the onset of severe water deficit (Bandurska et al., 2017). Plants using a drought avoidance strategy maintain sufficient cellular hydration when water is scarce (Bandurska et al., 2017). Other common drought avoidance mechanisms in wild barley include minimizing water loss via stomatal control, developing an extensive root system to extract soil moisture, and altering metabolism to accumulate compatible solutes (osmolytes) for osmotic adjustment (Kebede, Kang, & Bekele, 2019).…”

“…Other common drought avoidance mechanisms in wild barley include minimizing water loss via stomatal control, developing an extensive root system to extract soil moisture, and altering metabolism to accumulate compatible solutes (osmolytes) for osmotic adjustment (Kebede, Kang, & Bekele, 2019). Typical drought tolerance mechanisms in barley include (i) synthesis of proteins and compatible solutes to detoxify reactive oxygen species and to stabilize macromolecules and membranes and (ii) mobilization of stem reserves (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose, and fructans) to supply C for grain filling (Bandurska et al., 2017).…”

Barley varieties in semi‐controlled and natural conditions—Response to water shortage and changing environment

“…The size of the drought effects, and thus, the stress tolerance, is genetically controlled (Anjum et al., ; Bandurska et al., ; Blum, ; Chmielewska et al., ; Daszkowska‐Golec & Szarejko, ; De Mezer et al., ; Filek et al., ; Forster et al., ; Jozefaciuk & Lukowska, ; Piasecka et al., ). Numerous genetic studies have been focused on the response of barley plants to water scarcity (Diab et al., ; Mansour et al., ; Mikolajczak et al., ; Mikołajczak et al., ; Ogrodowicz et al., ; Talamè et al., ; Teulat, Merah, Souyris, & This, ; Teulat et al., , ; Tondelli et al., ; Wójcik‐Jagła et al., ).…”