Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by miRNAs

Abstract

Osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing cells that contribute to physiological bone development and remodeling in bone metabolism throughout life. Abnormal production and activation of osteoclasts lead to excessive bone resorption in pathological conditions, such as in osteoporosis and in arthritic diseases with bone destruction. Recent epigenetic studies have shed novel insight into the dogma of the regulation of gene expression. microRNAs belong to a category of epigenetic regulators, which post-transcriptionally regulate and silence target gene expression, and thereby control a variety of biological events. In this review, we discuss miRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms utilized by miRNAs, several miRNAs that play important roles in osteoclast differentiation, function, survival and osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, and their translational potential and challenges in bone biology and skeletal diseases.

miR-134-5p inhibits osteoclastogenesis through a novel miR-134-5p/Itgb1/MAPK pathway

“…miRNAs mediate osteoclast differentiation and formation by negatively controlling downstream genes (21). miR-148a was confirmed to induce osteoclast formation through inhibition of MAFB, a repressor of the transcription factor NFATc1 (36).…”

“…miR-134-5p was decreased in the OVX mouse model Because miRNAs play an integral role in human osteoporosis (21), we detected the expression profile of miRNAs in sham and OVX mice. Total RNA including miRNAs was extracted and subjected to microarray analysis.…”

Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Biologic and Clinical Implications

“…OCs are large, multinucleated, specialized bone resorbing cells vital for normal bone remodeling [ 42 ]. They originate from hematopoietic precursors in the monocyte and macrophage lineage [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Overexpression of Neurogenin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation

“…Bone homeostasis is maintained by the balance of tightly coupled processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. However, an imbalance in these processes leads to skeletal disorders, such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Osteoclasts are giant multinucleate cells (with diameters of up to 100 µm) that are differentiated from bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells under the control of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL).…”