Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants

Almeida, Diego M.; Oliveira, M. Margarida; Saibo, Nelson J. M.

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106

Cited by 441 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(361 reference statements)

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“…membrane‐localized SOS1 and the tonoplast‐localized NHX1 that mediate Na + exclusion either back into the soil or compartmentalize Na + in the vacuole, respectively (Almeida et al . ). In addition, K + transport proteins such as HKT control the long‐distance transport of Na + by reabsorbing it back into root cells from the xylem sap, thereby reducing the Na + concentration in aboveground plant parts (Rus et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress

et al. 2020

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Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to improve plant growth. However, regulation at biochemical and molecular levels is largely unknown.• The present study investigated the impact of exogenously applied ACh (10 µM) on growth and chlorophyll metabolism in hydroponically grown Nicotiana benthamiana under salt stress (150 mM NaCl).• Salinity reduced root hydraulic conductivity while ACh-treated seedlings exhibited a significant increase, resulting in increased relative water content. Salinity induced a reduction in chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, such as protoporphyrin-IX, Mgphotoporphyrin-IX and protochlorophyllide, which were significantly ameliorated in the presence of ACh. This influence of ACh on chlorophyll synthesis was confirmed by up-regulation of HEMA1, CHLH, CAO and POR genes. Gas exchange parameters, i.e. stomatal conductance, internal CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate, increased with ACh, thereby alleviating the salinity effects on photosynthesis. In addition, the salinity-induced enhancement of lipid peroxidation declined after ACh treatment through modulation of the activity of the assayed antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Importantly, ACh significantly reduced the uptake of Na and increased uptake of K, resulting in a decline in the Na/K ratio.• Results of the present study indicate that ACh can be effective in ameliorating NaClinduced osmotic stress, altering chlorophyll metabolism and thus photosynthesis by maintaining ion homeostasis, hydraulic conductivity and water balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress

et al. 2020

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“…There is a general agreement that cytoplasmic high K + /Na + ratio is a good indicator of low salt damage and high salinity tolerance (Maathuis and Amtmann, 1999; Munns and Tester, 2008). The similar physicochemical characteristics between K + and Na + affect a wide range of metabolic processes, such as enzymatic reactions and protein synthesis, and maintaining the K + /Na + ratio under stress conditions is of key importance to maintain K + homeostasis (Almeida et al, 2017; Maathuis and Amtmann, 1999; Shabala and Cuin, 2008). However, it was previously reported that for halophytes and some glycophytes plants, the K + /Na + ratio is not a good parameter to assess salinity tolerance (Colmer and Voesenek, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting response of twoLotus corniculatusL. accessions to combined waterlogging-saline stress

Antonelli

Calzadilla

Campestre

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Waterlogging and salinity impair crops growth and productivity worldwide, being their combined effects larger than the additive effects of both stresses separately. Recently, a new Lotus corniculatus accession has been collected from a coastal area with a high frequency of waterlogging-saline stress events. This population is diploid and has potential to increase nutritional values of Lotus cultivars used as forages. Due to its environmental niche, we hypothesize that this accession would show a better adaptation to combined waterlogging-saline stress compared to another commonly used tetraploid L. corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel). Shoot and root growth under waterlogging, salinity and combined waterlogging-saline treatments were addressed, together with chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements. Results showed that salinity and waterlogging effects were more severe for the tetraploid accession, being the differences larger under the combined stress condition. In addition, Na+, Cl− and K+ concentrations were measured in young and old leaves, and in roots. A larger accumulation of Na+ and Cl− was observed under both saline and combined stress treatments for the tetraploid L. corniculatus, for which ion toxicity effects were evident. The expression of the NHX1 and CLC genes, coding for Na+ and Cl− transporters respectively, was only increased in response to combined stress in the diploid L. corniculatus plants, suggesting that ion compartmentalization mechanisms were induced in this accession. As a conclusion, the recent characterized L. corniculatus might be used for the introduction of new tolerant traits to combined stresses, in other Lotus species used as forage.

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“…Restriction of Na + uptake, Na + exclusion to the soil and compartmentation of Na + from cytosol to vacuoles and control of Na + loading in xylem are crucial mechanisms for salinity tolerance [39,40]. Many of these salt tolerance mechanisms depend on H + , K + and Na + transporters, such as SOS1, HKT, HAK and NHX to maintain the cellular ionic homeostasis for salt tolerance [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity stress reduces soil water potential, and thus, induces water deficit and rapidly transmits a water deficit signal from root to shoot and finally contributes intracellular turgor reduction [41]. Therefore, salinity results in a reduction in stomatal conductance, the most significant response that immediately occurs after plant exposure to salt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

et al. 2020

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Considering the complex nature of salinity tolerance mechanisms, the use of isogenic lines or mutants possessing the same genetic background albeit different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method for reduction of analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the present study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line "M4-73-30" and its wild-type "Zarjou" cultivar at seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP 2 /EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP 2 /ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed at several time points using qRT-PCR for some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant accumulated higher levels of sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot. Also, the mutant increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K + ]/ [Na + ] in the shoot compared to its wild-type via fast stomata closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress. Moreover, a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration was observed in the mutant, resulting in utilization of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is considered as a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes has resulted in higher accumulation of H 2 O 2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals which led to less oxidative scavenging in comparison with the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to maintain the ion homeostasis. In overall, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both osmotic and

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Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants

Cited by 441 publications

References 147 publications

Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress

Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress

Contrasting response of twoLotus corniculatusL. accessions to combined waterlogging-saline stress

The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

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