Regulation of Axonal Transport by Protein Kinases

Gibbs, Katherine L.; Greensmith, Linda; Schiavo, Giampietro

doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2015.08.003

Cited by 108 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In support, biochemical approaches illuminated multiple pathways promoting the detachment of conventional kinesin from membranes [76,100]. Further, cumulative data indicates that phosphorylation represents a major mechanism for the regulation of conventional kinesin-based AT [28,42,58]. Many findings supporting this concept were initially established using isolated squid axoplasm, a model that greatly facilitates the evaluation of axon-autonomous molecular events [49,94].…”

Section: Functional Implications Of Conventional Kinesin Subunit Varimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, these diseases are not associated with mutations in conventional kinesin or other KIFs, so other mechanisms are thought to underlie these deficits. Interestingly, abnormal activation of protein kinases and aberrant patterns of protein phosphorylation represent pathogenic hallmarks common to most neurodegenerative diseases [28,104], and many kinases deregulated in these diseases have been implicated in the regulation of conventional kinesin-based AT. In the context of HD, mutant huntingtin has been shown to inhibit AT through a mechanism involving JNK3 activation and phosphorylation of KIF5s [78].…”

Section: Functional Implications Of Conventional Kinesin Subunit Varimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conventional kinesin: Biochemical heterogeneity and functional implications in health and disease

Morfini

Schmidt

Weissmann

et al. 2016

Brain Research Bulletin

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Section: Functional Implications Of Conventional Kinesin Subunit Varimentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Functional Implications Of Conventional Kinesin Subunit Varimentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional kinesin: Biochemical heterogeneity and functional implications in health and disease

Morfini

Schmidt

Weissmann

et al. 2016

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…Studies have shown that MTs serve as tracks, which work in concert with proteins kinases and motor proteins (e.g., dynein, kinesins), for the transport of cell organelles, such as endocytic vesicles, mitochondria, lipids, proteins and others, across cell cytosol in response to changes in cell environment or external cues. [14][15][16] For instance, cytoplasmic dynein complex (CDC) and kinesin-14 family members are the only 2 motor proteins utilizing energy release from hydrolysis of ATP in mammalian cells known to move their cargoes to the minus-end and plus-end directionally, respectively 17 ( Fig. 1B-E; Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Microtubule (Mt)-based Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of germ cells across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis—the involvement of both actin- and microtubule-based cytoskeletons

et al. 2016

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The transport of germ cells from the base of the seminiferous epithelium toward the luminal edge of the tubule lumen in the adluminal compartment during the epithelial cycle is an essential cellular event to support spermatogenesis. Thus, fully developed elongated spermatids (i.e., spermatozoa) can be released at spermiation in late stage VIII in rodents versus late stage II in humans. Earlier studies to examine the molecular mechanism(s) that support germ cell transport, most notably the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and the transport of elongating spermatids across the adluminal compartment during spermiogenesis, is focused on the adhesion protein complexes at the cell-cell interface. It is generally accepted that cell junctions at the Sertoli cell-cell interface at the BTB, including the actin-based tight junction (TJ), basal ectoplasmic specialization (basal ES, a testis-specific adherens junction) and gap junction (GJ), as well as the intermediate filament-based desmosome undergo constant remodeling to accommodate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the barrier. On the other hand, similar junction dynamics (i.e., disassembly, reassembly and stabilization/maintenance) take place at the Sertoli-spermatid interface. Emerging evidence has shown that junction dynamics at the Sertoli cell-cell vs. Sertoli-germ cell interface are supported by the 2 intriguingly coordinated cytoskeletons, namely the F-actin-and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons. Herein, we provide a brief summary and critically evaluate the recent findings. We also provide an updated hypothetical concept regarding germ cell transport in the testis utilizing the MT-conferred tracks and the MT-specific motor proteins. Furthermore, this cellular event is also supported by the F-actin-based cytoskeleton.

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“…It has been proposed that F-actin at the apical ES serves as the vehicle to transport germ cells [17]. Earlier studies on the microtubule cytoskeleton in the seminiferous epithelium propose that microtubules serve as the tracks for germ cells to be transported and involving microtubule-specific motor proteins such as kinesin [18–21], analogous to the function of microtubules to serve as the tracks in other mammalian epithelia [22]. Herein, we discuss the roles of the microtubule cytoskeleton in germ cell development and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeleton in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis

Tang

Mruk

Cheng

2016

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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In rodents and humans, testicular cells, similar to other mammalian cells, are supported by actin-, microtubule (MT)- and intermediate filament-based cytoskeletons to regulate spermatogenesis during the epithelial cycle. However, most of the published findings in the literature are limited to studies that visualize these cytoskeletons in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. Few are focus on the underlying molecular mechanism that regulates their organization in the epithelium in response to changes in the stages of the epithelial cycle remains largely explored. Functional studies in the last decade have begun to focus on the role of binding proteins that regulate these cytoskeletons, and some interesting data have been rapidly emerging in the field. Since the actin- and intermediate-based cytoskeletons have been recently reviewed, herein we focus on the MT-based cytoskeleton for two reasons. First, besides serving as a structural support cytoskeleton, MT is known to serve as the track to support and facilitate the transport of germ cells, such as preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones and elongating/elongated spermatids during spermiogenesis across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the adluminal compartment, respectively, during spermatogenesis. While these cellular events are crucial to the completion of spermatogenesis, they have been largely ignored in the past. Second, MT-based cytoskeleton is working in concert with the actin-based cytoskeleton to provide structural support to the transport of intracellular organelles across the cell cytosol, such as endosome-based vesicles, and residual bodies, phagosomes in Sertoli cells, to maintain the cellular homeostasis in the seminiferous epithelium. We critically evaluate some recent published findings herein to support a hypothesis regarding the role of MT in conferring germ cell transport in the seminiferous epithelium.

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Regulation of Axonal Transport by Protein Kinases

Cited by 108 publications

References 113 publications

Conventional kinesin: Biochemical heterogeneity and functional implications in health and disease

Conventional kinesin: Biochemical heterogeneity and functional implications in health and disease

Transport of germ cells across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis—the involvement of both actin- and microtubule-based cytoskeletons

Regulation of microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeleton in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis

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