Regional Variation of Hospitalization Rates for Asthma in Korea: Association with Ambient Carbon Monoxide and Health Care Supply

Kim, Agnus M.; Kang, Shin‐Sung; Park, Jong Heon; Kim, Yoon

doi:10.3390/ijerph17041244

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…In the analysis of CO, SO 2 and O 3 , protective effects were observed, which lowered the morbidity risk for 18%, 19%, 18% per IQR increase respectively, different from some previous findings ( Szyszkowicz et al, 2018 ; Tao et al, 2014 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ). Yet prior studies have given some evidence suggesting a protective role of low-concentration exposure of gaseous pollutions on respiratory diseases as well as asthma ( Cai et al, 2015 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2013 ). In particular, the 24-h concentrations of CO, SO 2 and maximum 8-h average O 3 were below the China national air pollution standard of 4mg/m 3 , 50μg/m 3 and 100μg/m 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China

Zhang

Tang

Guo

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global public health threaten. A series of strict prevention and control measures were implemented in China, contributing to the improvement of air quality. In this study, we described the trend of air pollutant concentrations and the incidence of COVID-19 during the epidemic and applied generalized additive models (GAMs) to assess the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 235 Chinese cities. Disease progression based on both onset and report dates as well as control measures as potential confounding were considered in the analyses. We found that stringent prevention and control measures intending to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, contributed to a significant decline in the concentrations of air pollutants except ozone (O 3 ). Significant positive associations of short-term exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5μm (PM 2.5 ), particulate matter with diameters ≤10μm (PM 10 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with daily new confirmed cases were observed during the epidemic. Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM 2.5 (lag0-15), PM 10 (lag0-15), and NO 2 (lag0-20) were associated with a 7% [95% confidence interval (CI): (4 - 9)], 6% [95% CI: (3 - 8)], and 19% [95% CI: (13 - 24)] increase in the counts of daily onset cases, respectively. Our results suggest that there is a statistically significant association between ambient air pollution and the spread of COVID-19. Thus, the quarantine measures can not only cut off the transmission of virus, but also retard the spread by improving ambient air quality, which might provide implications for the prevention and control of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China

Zhang

Tang

Guo

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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“…The plausible explanation for the linear positive relationships observed in this study is the relatively higher ambient CO concentration during the study period in Ganzhou. By contrast, the ambient CO concentrations in those studies that reported the protective effects of CO were 0.58 mg/m 3 in Korea in 2015 ( 28 ) and 0.72 mg/m 3 in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2007 ( 38 ), while the average ambient CO concentration was 1.2 mg/m 3 with a range from 0.6 to 2.9 mg/m 3 in Ganzhou. Furthermore, different study designs (including different city, hospital, and population structures), social institutions, and cultures may also account for the inconsistencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The positive association of ambient CO exposure with asthma has been found in the general population, children, or several specific months of the year ( 25 – 27 ) in several studies. On the other hand, several studies indicated that there was no association or even a negative association between ambient CO exposure and asthma ( 28 , 29 ). Synthesizing the design and methods of the aforementioned studies, these differences may largely be due to the differences in the study population, and children with asthma seemed to be more vulnerable to ambient CO exposure because of their immature lung development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ambient carbon monoxide exposure with hospitalization risk for respiratory diseases: A time series study in Ganzhou, China

Song

Qiu²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAmbient carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization risk for total respiratory diseases. However, evidence on the risk of hospitalization for specific respiratory diseases from ambient CO exposure is limited.MethodsData on daily hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, air pollutants, and meteorological factors from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected in Ganzhou, China. A generalized additive model with the quasi-Poisson link and lag structures was used to estimate the associations between ambient CO concentration and hospitalizations of total respiratory diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and influenza-pneumonia. Possible confounding co-pollutants and effect modification by gender, age, and season were considered.ResultsA total of 72,430 hospitalized cases of respiratory diseases were recorded. Significant positive exposure–response relationships were observed between ambient CO exposure and hospitalization risk from respiratory diseases. For each 1 mg/m3 increase in CO concentration (lag0–2), hospitalizations for total respiratory diseases, asthma, COPD, LRTI, and influenza-pneumonia increased by 13.56 (95% CI: 6.76%, 20.79%), 17.74 (95% CI: 1.34%, 36.8%), 12.45 (95% CI: 2.91%, 22.87%), 41.25 (95% CI: 18.19%, 68.81%), and 13.5% (95% CI: 3.41%, 24.56%), respectively. In addition, the associations of ambient CO with hospitalizations for total respiratory diseases and influenza-pneumonia were stronger during the warm season, while women were more susceptible to ambient CO exposure-associated hospitalizations for asthma and LRTI (all P < 0.05).ConclusionIn brief, significant positive exposure–response relationships were found between ambient CO exposure and hospitalization risk for total respiratory diseases, asthma, COPD, LRTI, and influenza-pneumonia. Effect modification by season and gender was found in ambient CO exposure-associated respiratory hospitalizations.

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“…Covariates were designated based on diagnosis codes of ICD-10. The covariates considered in this study were diabetes, dyslipidemia, [14] myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, [18] heart failure, [16] liver disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), [19] asthma, [20] end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with dialysis, [15] and immunocompromised status including autoimmune diseases and HIV infections. [21] Definitions of each comorbidity are presented in Table S1 in the Supplement.…”

Section: Definition Of Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][18][19][20][21] Also, considering the rigorous control of national health insurance system of South Korea in the diagnosis of COVID-19,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on association between exposure to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and coronavirus disease 2019 in South Korea

Seo

Son

2021

Korean J Intern Med

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Background/Aims Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been concerns about the association between exposure to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and the risk and severity of COVID-19. Methods We performed a case-control study that utilized up-to-date data on the South Korean population provided by the Korean National Health Insurance System. Of the 62,909 patients with hypertension or heart failure tested for COVID-19, there were 1,644 (2.6%) confirmed cases. After case-control matching, multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Comparison between patients exposed to RAAS inhibitors and those not exposed to RAAS inhibitors revealed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for COVID-19 infection and death were 0.981 (0.849-1.135) and 0.875 (0.548-1.396), respectively. Subgroup analysis for the major confounders, age and region of diagnosis, resulted in OR and 95% CI of 0.912 (0.751-1.108) and 0.942 (0.791-1.121), respectively. Conclusions The present study demonstrated no evidence of association between RAAS inhibitor exposure and risk and severity of COVID-19.

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Regional Variation of Hospitalization Rates for Asthma in Korea: Association with Ambient Carbon Monoxide and Health Care Supply

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China

Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China

Association of ambient carbon monoxide exposure with hospitalization risk for respiratory diseases: A time series study in Ganzhou, China

Update on association between exposure to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and coronavirus disease 2019 in South Korea

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