Regional Distribution of 11c‐labeled Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine in the Heart, Lungs, and Skeletal Muscle of Pigs Studied With Positron Emission Tomography

The Comparative Effects of Lipid, Epinephrine, and Their Combination in the Reversal of Bupivacaine-Induced Asystole in the Isolated Rat Heart

“…Feldman et al 13 found that the concentration of bupivacaine peaked in blood and myocardium within seconds after IV injection. It rapidly declined over the first 3 to 5 minutes but remained in the blood and myocardium in low concentrations for a long time.…”

A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Predicting the Efficacy of Drug Overdose Treatment With Liposomes in Man

“…To validate the K eff values obtained from the methods illustrated above, K 1 and K 3 values for AMI and BUP were used to calculate K eff values in the absence of liposomes. Comparisons were then made between tissue to blood partition coefficients reported from various animal or postmortem human studies 42–48. Comparisons were only made for the organs for which data were available in literature.…”

“… Organ to blood partition coefficients ( K eff ) calculated using Eq. (4) (□) or averaged from experimental studies (▪) for (a) AMI42–44 or (b) BUP 45–48…”

Contribution of membrane transporters to chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity

“…Hence, PET imaging is advantageous to predict the incidence of cardiotoxicity and optimize dose regimens accordingly. In terms of elucidating the underlying mechanisms of drugs that have the propensity to trigger cardiovascular toxicity or arrhythmogenicity, PET scanning could be an ideal approach in order to evaluate the distribution of radiolabeled cardiotoxic agents in several tissues 61,62 . In contrast, more conventional approaches such as echocardiograms provide an inferior spatial resolution that decreases accuracy, and these cannot be used to detect subclinical myocardial damage or small changes in LVEF 63 …”