“…While the role of accessibility had been investigated for matters related to productivity and commuting (e.g., Johansson & Forslund, 1995;Ohlsson, 2002), in the 2000s only, this concept was used to improve our understanding of the importance of proximity to knowledge. The findings of this literature largely confirm an important role of proximity to R&D and human capital for patent production (e.g., Andersson & Ejermo, 2005;Gråsjö, 2006;Johansson & Karlsson, 2019). While this prior literature aimed at understanding the effects of proximity it did not focus on changes in accessibility, e.g., through changes in road travel times.…”