Regional collaboration in the Middle East to deal with H5N1 avian flu

Leventhal, Alex; Ramlawi, Assad; Belbiesi, Adel; Balicer, Ran D.

doi:10.1136/bmj.38994.420926.80

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the present investigation, close sequence and phylogenetic identities with the G1-like H9N2 virus currently circulating in the neighbouring countries could indicate further spread of the virus into Egypt as a part of its extensive circulation in the nearby countries rather than a separate introduction from the Eastern Asian AIV epicentre. Similar observations have been noted with the H5N1 virus where it is endemic in Egypt and occasional sporadic outbreaks of phylogenetically closely related strains have been recorded in neighbouring countries [18,32]. Possible pathways of introduction, in particular, illegally or legally transported poultry or poultry products, should be investigated.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

El-Zoghby¹,

Arafa²,

Hassan³

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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This study describes the first isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) from commercial bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt. Infected birds showed neither clinical signs nor mortality. Virus isolation and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of the H9N2 virus in cloacal swab samples collected at 35 days of age and the absence of other AIV subtypes, including H5 and H7. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the isolated virus showed 99.1% and 98.2% nucleotide identity and 97.3% and 100% amino acid identity, respectively, to those of H9N2 viruses currently circulating in poultry in the Middle East. Phylogenetically, the Egyptian H9N2 virus was closely related to viruses of the G1-like lineage isolated from neighbouring countries, indicating possible epidemiological links.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

El-Zoghby¹,

Arafa²,

Hassan³

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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“…During this period Israeli poultry farms underwent three introductions of H9N2 AIV [6,19]. Outbreaks of H5N1 in our region were recorded in March-April 2006, and lasted about 1 month [20]. During these outbreaks, 16 H5N1 viruses were isolated from poultry birds in Israel and Gaza.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2000–2006

Golender¹,

Panshin²,

Banet-Noach³

et al. 2008

Virus Genes

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Our aim was to establish the phylogenetic and genetic relationships among avian influenza viruses (AIV) recently isolated from poultry in Israel. During this study we analyzed complete nucleotide sequences of two envelope (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) and six internal genes (polymerase B1, polymerase B2, polymerase A, nucleoprotein, nonstructural, and matrix) of 29 selected H9N2 and six internal genes of five H5N1 viruses isolated in Israel during 2000-2006. Comparative genetic and phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed that the local H5N1 viruses are closely related to H5N1 viruses isolated in European, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries in 2005-2006. The H9N2 Israeli isolates, together with viruses isolated in Jordan and Saudi Arabia formed a single group. Our data support the claim that during recent years a new endemic focus of H9N2 has been formed in the Middle East. The introduction of H5N1 and co-circulation of these two subtypes of AIV in this region may augment the risk of potentially pandemic strains emergence.

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“…The general picture of the outbreaks in Israel and Gaza and the associated problems were described by Leventhal et al [27]. The first case of H5N1 flu in Israel was diagnosed on 16th March 2006, and a total of nine H5N1-affected flocks were recorded in industrial poultry coops in Israel between the 16th and 31st March.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular characterization of the glycoprotein genes of H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated in Israel and the Gaza Strip during 2006 outbreaks

Shimon¹,

Banet-Noach²,

Golender³

et al. 2007

Virus Genes

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Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses (AIV) have caused outbreaks among domestic poultry and wild aquatic birds in many Asian, European, and African countries since 1997. In March 2006 an avian H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from poultry in Israel. In the present study we molecularly characterized the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of eleven H5N1 viruses isolated from domestic poultry in Israel and Gaza in March-April 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes showed that the Israeli and Gazian viruses were closely related to viruses isolated in Egypt in 2006.

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Regional collaboration in the Middle East to deal with H5N1 avian flu

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

Genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2000–2006

Molecular characterization of the glycoprotein genes of H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated in Israel and the Gaza Strip during 2006 outbreaks

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