Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenics

Conditional Associative Learning in Drug-Free Schizophrenic Patients

“…As a matter of fact, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is known to be the crucial region involved in situations where spe cific responses to various stimuli must be learned and produced, which is the case of conditional tasks [Milner and Petrides, 1984], It is important to stress that the performance of our patients, although being impaired on both the spatial and the non-spatial version of the test, was found to be worse on the latter. This finding might suggest a more pronounced involvement of the left frontal lobe, which would be in agreement with the reports by Ariel et al [ 1983] of a greater decrease of CBF values in left anterior white matter, and by Golden et al [1981] of a lower anterior left-hemisphere density on CT scans. It must be mentioned, however, that a hemispheric specificity, with a verbal/non-verbal split, has been till now demonstrated for several prefrontal functions (such as, for instance, recency judgement and self-ordered pointing), but not for conditional associative learning [Milner and Pe trides, 1984;Stuss and Benson, 1984;Milner et al, 1985].…”

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenic Disorders

“…Mean hemispheric rCBF in normal sub jects in the present study was 63.7 for the right and 63.3 for the left and these values are comparable to other reports using l33Xe in halation technique [6,9,[10][11][12].…”

“…How ever, regional distribution values of bilateral frontal regions in these groups were signifi cantly reduced. These results coincide mainly with that of Ingvar [4], Mubrin et al [9], and Ariel et al [11], but not with that of Mathew et al [10] and Gur et al [12], Previous authors reported a loss of hyperfrontal distri bution in older patients, but the present study disclosed similar results in younger patients. It should be noted that standard deviations of the subjects' age arc much smaller in our study than in other reports.…”

Neurophysiological Aspects of Auditory Hallucinations

“…These results are consistent in finding hypofrontality with studies on schizophrenics of Ariel et al [1983], Buchsbaum et al [1982Buchsbaum et al [ , 1984, DeLisi et al [1985a,b], Farkas et al [1984], Wolkin et al [1985], Kling et al [1986], but inconsistent with Gur et al [ 1987] and Shep pard et al [1983]. They are also consistent with Farkas et al [ 1984], Kling et al [ 1986], and Wolkin et al [1985] in finding frontal decreases without calculating a ratio to the occipital lobe.…”