Regeneration Procedure for Three Arachis hypogaea L. Botanicals in Uganda through Embryogenesis

Okello, David Kalule; Akello, L.B.; Tukamuhabwa, P.; Ochwo, Silver; Odong, Thomas; Adriko, John; Mwami, C.; Deom, C. M.

doi:10.9734/bbj/2015/17418

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Among them are a variety of diseases which hamper groundnut production [6] including viral, bacterial, fungal and/or nematode based diseases [7] Among the soil borne fungal pathogens are those causing the late leaf spot (LLS) disease which is more common and more destructive to groundnut. LLS caused by Cercospora personatum is present every year on groundnut in sub Saharan Africa [8] and can decrease seed production by over 50%, if no fungicides are applied for control [9]. In addition to late leaf spot, groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is also widespread and devastating viral disease of groundnut in all the major groundnut growing regions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Uganda [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance mechanisms of late leaf spot and rosette diseases in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes

Mohammed

Nuwamanya

Afutu

et al. 2019

GSC Biol. and Pharm. Sci.

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Groundnut has been identified as less susceptible to drought which produces moderate yield under drought conditions. Also, drought can enhance effects of late leaf spot and groundnut rosette diseases. However, to reduce rate of the damage by these constraints, plants produce various defensive metabolites. This investigation was undertaken to study how drought tolerant groundnut genotypes respond under late leaf spot and rosette diseases. Eleven drought tolerant genotypes, comprising 4 resistance to both diseases, 4 resistant to leaf spot and 3 resistant to rosette disease were selected for the study. The experiments were conducted in the screen house at two locations (Namulonge and Kabanyolo) and arranged in a complete randomized design. Diseases and drought were artificially imposed two weeks after germination. Data collected included aphid counts, chlorophyll, phenolic and tannin content. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.001) in most of the studied traits for the two sites, genotypes and the interaction. Rosette resistant genotypes recorded the lowest aphid counts and the highest tannin contents. The lowest total chlorophyll was shown by late leaf spot susceptible genotypes. Tannin content was negatively correlated with chlorophylls and aphid counts whiles total phenolic content was negatively correlated with aphid counts but was positively correlated with chlorophyll. The negative correlation between the measured metabolites and chlorophyll with aphid population, rosette and leaf spot disease indicated that an increase in these biochemical content led to a decrease in disease occurrence and therefore, increasing metabolites could contribute to the bio-protection of host plants against these diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yield loss from GRD in SSA has been reported to be up to 100% depending on growth stage and groundnut variety [13]. The disease is transmitted by the aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) and as a result, A. craccivora is highly associated to yield losses [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance mechanisms of late leaf spot and rosette diseases in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes

Mohammed

Nuwamanya

Afutu

et al. 2019

GSC Biol. and Pharm. Sci.

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“…In Eastern Uganda, green rosette symptoms predominate [13]. This is in contrast with [14], who reported that chlorotic rosette symptoms of GRD have been the predominant form throughout SSA and western Kenya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For example, in Nigeria, a there was shift from green to chlorotic rosette over a period of about 20 years. The shift could be due to changes in the genome sequences of GRD associated agents or other factors [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Groundnut Rosette Disease (GRD) and Genetic Diversity of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus (GRAV) in Western Kenya

Mukoye¹,

Ndong’a²,

Wéré³

2019

IJGG

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This study determined the incidence of groundnut rosette disease (GRD) and genetic diversity of groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, genus Luteovirus) in western Kenya. The diseases is a major constraint of groundnuts in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) causing up to 100% yield losses in severe cases. Among the GRD associated viruses, GRAV plays a crucial role in vector transmission of the other viruses. Therefore understanding the genetics of GRAV across SSA could enhance development of resistance to the disease. In Kenya, groundnuts are mainly grown in western region, however, the yields are poor mainly due to GRD. Information on occurrence and distribution of GRD in western Kenya was not documented and little was known about the characteristics of associated viruses. Two diagnostic surveys were conducted in six counties; Bungoma, Busia, Homabay, Kakamega, Siaya and Vihiga. Symptomatic and asymptomatic groundnut were collected in RNAlater® solution for laboratory analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers' protocol and used for double stranded cDNA synthesis using the SuperScript II kit. The cDNA was column-purified with the DNA Clean & ConcentratorTM-5-DNA kit. The samples were then processed with the transposon-based chemistry library preparation kit (Nextera XT, Illumina) following manufacturer's instructions. The fragment sizes structure of the DNA libraries was assessed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The indexed denatured DNA libraries were sequenced (200-bp paired-end sequencing) on the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina). Reads quality check was done using FastQC. Trimmed reads were used for de novo assembly and contigs aligned to the viral genomes database using CLC Genomics Workbench 10.1.2. The assembled contigs were subjected to a BLASTn search against the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analyses and comparisons were performed using the MEGA X. Average incidence was 53% and 41% in the short and long rain seasons, respectively. Chlorotic rosette was the dominant symptom followed by Green rosette and Mosaic. The GRAV coat protein (GRAV-CP) gene sequences revealed 97-100% identity with GeneBank isolates showing very slight variations across SSA. The study concludes that GRD incidence is high in western Kenya and that GRAV is highly conserved across SSA. The study recommends an urgent need to curb GRD, possibly through the exploitation of pathogen derived resistance (PDR) with GRAV as the suitable candidate.

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“…Fascinatingly, the prevalence and distribution of infection with groundnut rosette virus is substantially lower in South America relative to the African continent (Naidu et al, 1998;Okello et al, 2014;Thottappilly, 1992) which could be at least partially explained by the decreased expressional intensity of fibrillarin in the BFDI cultivar. Whether decreased expression of fibrillarin is common among South American C. arabica cultivars or is unique to the BFDI cultivar is unclear, however, and further proteomic investigations into South American cultivars will therefore be necessary to validate this conjecture.…”

Section: Increased Expression Of Fibrillarin In the High-altitudementioning

confidence: 98%

Proteomic analysis of higher & lower altitude cultivars of Coffea arabica reveals differences related to environmental adaptations and coffee bean flavour

Fenrich,

Lauman,

Wickramasinghe

2023

Eureka

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Coffee ranks among the most popular beverages worldwide and is an important commodity in developing nations. While coffee beans harvested from Coffea arabica are considered to have a superior rich and balanced flavour, they are susceptible to disease and climatic variables like temperature, precipitation, and oxygen availability, each of which varies with altitude. We performed a comprehensive proteomic comparison of two C. arabica cultivars, the high-altitude Rwanda Shyira (RS) and the lower-altitude Brazil Flor de Ipe (BFDI), using liquid chromatography MS/MS analysis. Five of the identified 531 proteins exhibited statistically significant differences in expressional intensity between the two cultivars. These differences may correspond to bitter flavonoid concentrations along with adaptations to cold, hypoxic, and disease stressors at different altitudes and geographic niches. These substantial proteomic differences identified between these elevations provide a greater understanding of the effects of altitude on the C. arabica plant and its coffee, which has implications for the global market.

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Regeneration Procedure for Three Arachis hypogaea L. Botanicals in Uganda through Embryogenesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Resistance mechanisms of late leaf spot and rosette diseases in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes

Resistance mechanisms of late leaf spot and rosette diseases in drought tolerant groundnut genotypes

Incidence of Groundnut Rosette Disease (GRD) and Genetic Diversity of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus (GRAV) in Western Kenya

Proteomic analysis of higher & lower altitude cultivars of Coffea arabica reveals differences related to environmental adaptations and coffee bean flavour

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