Regeneration of Hair Cells in the Human Vestibular System

Abstract

The vestibular system is a critical part of the human balance system, malfunction of this system will lead to balance disorders, such as vertigo. Mammalian vestibular hair cells, the mechanical receptors for vestibular function, are sensitive to ototoxic drugs and virus infection, and have a limited restorative capacity after damage. Considering that no artificial device can be used to replace vestibular hair cells, promoting vestibular hair cell regeneration is an ideal way for vestibular function recovery. In this manuscript, the development of human vestibular hair cells during the whole embryonic stage and the latest research on human vestibular hair cell regeneration is summarized. The limitations of current studies are emphasized and future directions are discussed.

Avaliação por posturografia de disfunções vestibulares através da estimulação por realidade virtual

“…O sistema vestibular é a parte não auditiva da orelha interna, e é composto por dois órgãos otolíticos (utrículo e sáculo), e três canais semicirculares (anterior, lateral e posterior). Suas funções desempenham papel importante para orientação espacial e sensação subjetiva da cabeça, configura a atividade muscular, mantém a postura do corpo, assim como estabiliza os olhos ao movimento de cabeça que assegura uma imagem estável para retina (Coto et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2022).…”

Central Representation of Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

“…Pathologies that involve the inner ear cochlea, also cause damage to the saccule. Then, the most susceptibility of the vestibular organs to impairment is related to the saccule, in cases of sensorineural hearing loss [ 15 , 16 ], Meniere's disease [ 17 ], sudden sensorineural hearing loss [ 18 , 19 ], auditory-neuropathy [ 20 ], noise induced hearing loss [ 21 ], destructive effects of musical sounds [ 22 ], aging [ 23 ], ototoxic drugs [ 24 ], and covid-19 [ 25 ]. Also, continuous loudly singing, which lasts longer than duration time of the stapedius reflex of the middle ear can cause saccular damage [ 26 ].…”