Refractive Errors &amp; Refractive Surgery Preferred Practice Pattern®

Chuck, Roy S.; Jacobs, Deborah S.; Lee, Jimmy K.; Afshari, Natalie A.; Vitale, Susan; Shen, Tueng T.; Keenan, Jeremy D.; Panel, Intervention

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.003

Cited by 80 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 687 publications

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“…90 Due to unstable refractive error associated with hyperglycemia, patients with uncontrolled diabetes have worse refractive outcomes. [91][92][93] Halkiadakis et al reported no significant difference in clinical outcomes for patients with diabetes with good glycemic control undergoing LASIK. 94 The American Academy of Ophthalmology considers uncontrolled diabetes an absolute contraindication, but well-controlled diabetes a relative contraindication for refractive surgery.…”

Section: Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye care providers’ emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review

Richdale

Chao

Hamilton

2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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US adults visit eye care providers more often than primary healthcare providers, placing these doctors in a prime position to help identify and manage patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Currently, diabetes is identified in eye clinics in an advanced stage, only after visible signs of diabetic retinopathy. Recent ophthalmic research has identified multiple subclinical and clinical changes that occur in the anterior segment of the eye with metabolic disease. The corneal epithelium exhibits increased defects and poor healing, including an increased risk of neurotrophic keratitis. Increased thickness and stiffness of the cornea artificially alters intraocular pressure. There is damage to the endothelial cells and changes to the bacterial species on the ocular surface, both of which can increase risk of complications with surgery. Decreased corneal sensitivity due to a loss of nerve density predispose patients with metabolic disease to further neurotrophic complications. Patients with diabetes have increased Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis and reduced tear production, resulting in increased rates of dry eye disease and discomfort. Early detection of metabolic disease may allow eye care providers to be more proactive in recommending referral and intervention in order to reduce the risk of blindness and other diabetes-related morbidity. Continued research is needed to better understand the time course of changes to the anterior segment and what can be done to better detect and diagnose patients with prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes and provide improved care for these patients.

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Section: Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye care providers’ emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review

Richdale

Chao

Hamilton

2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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“…The preoperative evaluation must include monocular manifest refraction, cycloplegic refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), pupillometry, tonometry, anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement, corneal topography/tomography, pachymetry, aberrometry, tear film quality and quantity, determining the dominant eye, ocular motility, and a fundus examination [18,21]. Cycloplegic refraction is recommended to exclude the accommodation effect, while in patients in/or close to presbyopia age near visual acuity should be checked also.…”

Section: Indications and Preoperative Preparation For Refractive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cycloplegic refraction is recommended to exclude the accommodation effect, while in patients in/or close to presbyopia age near visual acuity should be checked also. It is mandatory to check the patient's refractive stability during the time, which can most often be obtained by inspecting the patient's eyeglasses or by reviewing the previous ophthalmological documentation [21].…”

Section: Indications and Preoperative Preparation For Refractive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Correction of Myopia

Bohač¹,

Gulic²,

Biščević³

et al. 2020

Intraocular Lens

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Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error in the world and its incidence is increasing. Together with conservative methods of treatment, various surgical methods have been proposed. Corneal refractive surgery is probably the most accepted one. Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) are suitable for treatment of myopia up to −8.00 D in the younger age group. For patients not suitable for corneal refractive surgery, lens-based procedures are available. Phakic intraocular lenses are suitable for patients younger than 45 years of age with high myopia or some other contraindications for corneal refractive surgery. For older patients, refractive lens exchange (RLE) with implantation of multifocal or monofocal intraocular lenses is gaining popularity.

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“…In this paper, these questions are addressed by referring to best clinical practice and adherence to the guidelines for evidence-based practice. [19][20][21]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%