Reflective reasoning &amp; philosophy

Byrd, Nick

doi:10.1111/phc3.12786

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…However, this research did find support for the first three hypotheses, suggesting that even philosophers' reflectiveness can be a robust predictor of their philosophical views related to the existence of god, the reality of scientific theories, and the referents of words even after controlling for factors that better explained variance in other philosophical tendencies. Overall, these data provide further empirical justification of philosophers "preoccupation with reflection" (Doris, 2015 Chapter 2) and its role in philosophical thinking (Byrd, 2021) even if there is more to philosophical tendencies than just reflective reasoning (Kneer et al, 2022;Knobe, 2021;Stich & Machery, 2022).…”

Section: Intuition-belief Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Although philosophers admit that they appeal to intuition to motivate some of the premises in their arguments (Chalmers, 2014;Climenhaga, 2018;De Cruz, 2014;Kornblith, 1998;Mallon, 2016; see however Cappelen, 2012;Williamson, 2007;Machery, 2017), reflective thinking has also been considered important for good philosophical inquiry (Korsgaard, 1996;Rawls, 1971) and an essential dimension of philosophically significant topics such as knowledge (Sosa, 1991), logic (Goodman, 1983), ethics (Hursthouse, 1999) and more (Byrd, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Great Minds Do Not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, And Other Demographic Differences

Byrd¹

2022

Preprint

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Prior research found correlations between reflection test performance and philosophical tendencies among laypeople. In two large studies (total N = 1299)—one pre-registered—many of these correlations were replicated in a sample that included both laypeople and philosophers. For example, reflection test performance predicted preferring atheism over theism and instrumental harm over harm avoidance on the trolley problem. However, most reflection-philosophy correlations were undetected when controlling for other factors such as numeracy, preferences for open-minded thinking, personality, philosophical training, age, and gender. Nonetheless, some correlations between reflection and philosophical views survived this multivariate analysis and were only partially confounded with either education or self-reported reasoning preferences. Unreflective thinking still predicted believing in God whereas reflective thinking still predicted believing that (a) proper names like ‘Santa’ do not necessarily refer to entities that actually exist and (b) science does reveal the fundamental nature of the world. So some robust relationships between reflection and philosophical tendencies were detected even among philosophers, and yet there was clearly more to the link between reflection and philosophy. To this end, demographic and metaphilosophical hypotheses are considered.

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Section: Intuition-belief Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Minds Do Not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, And Other Demographic Differences

Byrd¹

2022

Preprint

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“…According to modern researchers, reflection as such is not reduced to purely formal definitions but is a complex phenomenon that includes an existential dimension. Even reflection in philosophical thinking must be analyzed not only by purely mental, but also by other scientific methods (Byrd, 2021). During reflection, a reflective balance should be observed, which consists in balancing general principles and individual judgments (Baumberger & Brun, 2021), which imposes certain limitations on the reasoning process (Rechnitzer, 2022).…”

Section: Statement Of Basic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Reflexive Identity in the Age of Civilizational Transformations

Lyubiviy

Samchuk²

2022

AMPR

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Purpose. The article highlights, on the one hand, the impact of the potential of a developed reflective identity on the processes of civilizational transformations, and on the other hand, the role of the transformational processes of a civilizational scale in the formation of a new type of reflective identity. Acute crisis processes in social development, which humanity has faced so far, in particular after 24.02.2022, indicate the beginning of a radical civilizational transformation. Therefore, in the article, it is necessary to find out with the help of which mental, organizational and personal resources humanity can move to a more developed level of civilization without much loss. It is also necessary to show the importance of the philosophical understanding of reality in the formation of reflective identity because reflection has been the basic method of philosophy since its appearance. Theoretical basis. There is an understanding of the inextricable connection between the level of development of civilization and the level of reflective development of the individual fixed in a certain type of identity: a more historically developed stage of civilization corresponds to a more complex type of identity with multi-level reflection. At the same time, achieving a higher level of civilizational development is possible only under the condition of constructing a more complex and multi-level reflexive identity. Originality. It consists in establishing that the mental-cognitive mechanisms of reflection during the development of civilization passed through the stages of 1) reflexive forms of "the Axial Age", fixed in the corresponding forms of moral, logical, theological, political, etc. culture since the era of Ancient society; 2) reflexive forms of the Modern era with an emphasis on the inner world of man, the emergence of the reflective division into subject and object of knowledge as an essential feature of epistemology, as well as the formation of a modern type of identity; 3) the dual reflection of the post-industrial society and the Second Modern era, the mechanisms of which contribute to the formation of an active and self-sufficient network society and network crowdfunding economy. In this regard, at various stages of the development of civilization, in accordance with certain reflexive mechanisms, the corresponding types of identity are formed: 1) the basic identity of a person determined by his primary socialization; 2) reflective identity which is associated with the acquired cultural potential of a person and the opportunity to consciously choose special features of one’s own identity, and 3) identity which is associated with the existence in a given social culture of a mechanism of double reflection, which allows not only to make a valuable choice of the trajectory of development own identity but also to construct it. Conclusions. The aggravation of the identity problem in the modern world is the result of a civilizational crisis associated with the transformation of modern civilization, the technological basis of which is the introduction of renewable energy and artificial intelligence, as well as the development of network relationships in society. The hierarchical structure of modern identity is conditioned by the gradual historical and civilizational layering of the process of evolution of the reflexive component of identity. In each specific modern society, progressive civilizational transformations take place when an innovative type of identity coexisting with basic and modern types is activated and takes a leadership position. The growing role of network relations in society overcomes the identity crisis due to the reduction of social opposition and the harmonization of different aspects of the identity itself. Perceptible climatic changes and the destruction of the established security system in the world after 24.02.2022 made it obvious to the global thinking public that the world community is at the bifurcation point of a radical civilizational transformation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Minds do not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, and Other Demographic Differences

Byrd

2022

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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Prior research found correlations between reflection test performance and philosophical tendencies among laypeople. In two large studies (total N = 1299)-one pre-registered-many of these correlations were replicated in a sample that included both laypeople and philosophers. For example, reflection test performance predicted preferring atheism over theism and instrumental harm over harm avoidance on the trolley problem. However, most reflection-philosophy correlations were undetected when controlling for other factors such as numeracy, preferences for open-minded thinking, personality, philosophical training, age, and gender. Nonetheless, some correlations between reflection and philosophical views survived this multivariate analysis and were only partially confounded with either education or self-reported reasoning preferences. Unreflective thinking still predicted believing in God whereas reflective thinking still predicted believing that (a) proper names like 'Santa' do not necessarily refer to entities that actually exist and (b) science does reveal the fundamental nature of the world. So some robust relationships between reflection and philosophical tendencies were detected even among philosophers, and yet there was clearly more to the link between reflection and philosophy. To this end, demographic and metaphilosophical hypotheses are considered.

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Reflective reasoning & philosophy

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Great Minds Do Not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, And Other Demographic Differences

Great Minds Do Not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, And Other Demographic Differences

The Role of Reflexive Identity in the Age of Civilizational Transformations

Great Minds do not Think Alike: Philosophers’ Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, and Other Demographic Differences

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