Refining Technology Threat Avoidance Theory

Carpenter, Darrell; Young, Diana K.; Barrett, Paul; McLeod, Alexander

doi:10.17705/1cais.04422

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Our research questions aim to examine the effectiveness of training programs and how participants' demographics may impact user susceptibility. Based on previous research, we know that training programs are capable of teaching participants about phishing 12,19 . However, we also want to know how they impact a person's ability to mitigate phishing attacks and determine risk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summation, the TTAT states that a person's perceived susceptibility and threat severity to cyber threats affects their awareness of the threats which, in turn, impacts their motivation and behavior to avoid the threats. 18,19 The TTAT advocates for recurring cybersecurity education and training programs as over time, people forget what is taught to them. Therefore, to keep users motivated to avoid cyber threats, it is imperative that education and training materials improve a person's perceived susceptibility and threat severity.…”

Section: Technology Threat Avoidance Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Anti-Phishing Trainings

Sumner

Yuan

Anwar

et al. 2021

Journal of Computer Information Systems

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Approximately 65% of the organizations in the United States have fallen victim to a successful phishing attack. Many organizations offer anti-phishing training to their employees to defend against phishing attacks. The purpose of this study is to examine factors impacting the effectiveness of anti-phishing training and study the relationship between personality traits and phishing susceptibility. Participants filled out pre-and post-training surveys that included questions on identifying phishing and legitimate URLs and questions to determine DISC (Dominant, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness) personality traits. An analysis of the survey data shows that the participants' average accuracy in detecting phishing URLs increased 8% (t = 2.144, p-value = 0.0374) and their confidence in their answer choices increased 6% (t = 2.032, p-value = 0.0464) from pretraining to post-training surveys. Before and after training, participants with the Influence personality trait had the lowest susceptibility while both Dominant and Steadiness personalities had the highest susceptibility before and after training respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology Threat Avoidance Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Anti-Phishing Trainings

Sumner

Yuan

Anwar

et al. 2021

Journal of Computer Information Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The design for the local study did not allow for further exploration of the self-efficacy outcome. However, it is worth noting that Carpenter et al (2019) reflected on an insignificant outcome from the same IV:…”

Section: Overall Explained Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance

Gillam

Waite

2021

ICS

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior among working US adults. Implications were considered in regard to cybersecurity awareness training motivation and perceptions of need for protective cybersecurity behavior in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach A single-shot regression-based study used ordinal regression supported by K-means clustering to evaluate the moderating effects of gender on predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior on a sample of n = 206 US adult workers. Findings The regression model explained 47.5% of variance in avoidance motivation and 39% of avoidance behavior variance. Gender moderated predictive associations between several independent variables and avoidance motivation: perceived susceptibility, perceived effectiveness, perceived cost and self-efficacy. Gender also moderated the association between avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior. Research limitations/implications The predictive impact of gender extends beyond the main effects in technology threat avoidance. Data frequency distributions and inter-variable relationships should be routinely considered in threat avoidance studies, especially if sample variables exhibit non-normal frequency distributions and nonlinear associations. Practical implications Gender was significantly associated with threat avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior and exhibited notable associations with antecedents of avoidance motivation. Related insights can inform the design and delivery of training content relating to technology threat avoidance as organizations strive to more effectively leverage information technology end-users as protective assets for the enterprise. Originality/value The uniqueness of this study derives from its focus and findings regarding the moderating effects of gender on technology threat avoidance factors and techniques used to measure and evaluate the associations between them.

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“…This proposition is based on the cybernetics theory, which argues that the greater the individual's risk tolerance is, the less likely it is that he/she will feel threatened (Liang and Xue, 2009). Carpenter et al (2019) use the term risk propensity to describe an individual's risk tolerance for I.T. threats.…”

Section: Risk Tolerance and Perceived Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Factors of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Avoidance: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Ali

Simboh²,

Rahmawati³

2023

GADJAH MADA INT. J. BUS.

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P2P lending offers loans to the public with easy processes and terms. However, the level of P2P lending disbursements is still lower than that of the banks. In addition, a comparison of the number of users of P2P lenders and the productive age population of Indonesia shows that there are still many people who do not use P2P lending. This paper examines the factors that make Indonesians avoid P2P lending. This study used an online survey approach for its data collection and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data from 499 responses. The study found that the perceived threat from P2P lending is influenced by its perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and risk tolerance. This perceived threat and social influences cause people’s avoidance motivation. This study contributes to the fintech literature by providing empirical evidence on the avoidance of P2P lending from the borrowers’ perspectives using the TTAT model. Other implications are an input for regulators/governments to enforce the rules for user protection and input for the P2P lending service providers to provide educational programs regarding the use of P2P lending.

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Refining Technology Threat Avoidance Theory

Cited by 26 publications

References 77 publications

Examining Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Anti-Phishing Trainings

Examining Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Anti-Phishing Trainings

Gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance

Determining Factors of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Avoidance: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

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