Reductive catalytic fractionation of agricultural residue and energy crop lignin and application of lignin oil in antimicrobials

Ebikade, Elvis Osamudiamhen; Samulewicz, Nicholas; Xuan, Shuangqing; Sheehan, James D.; Wu, Changqing; Vlachos, Dionisios G.

doi:10.1039/d0gc02781b

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Products with unsaturated functional groups likely are generated because RD-RCD removes them via distillation, whereas in conventional RCD, the products undergo further hydrogenation. However, note that conventional RCD can be altered to generate more unsaturated products by eliminating external H 2 or removing the catalyst altogether at the expense of reduced yields ( 24 , 35 , 36 ). Among the lignin samples, those from harsher pulping processes, such as sample KSA, produced the lowest amount of unsaturated compounds in RD-RCD (1.4% of the phenolic products), and lignins from gentle processes, such as sample BHF, had the highest proportion of unsaturated products (11.4%), which can be rationalized on the basis of acid content in the feedstocks ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCF/RCD deconstruction products or “bio-oils” have been used as precursors for numerous bio-derived products, such as polymers and pharmaceuticals ( 6 , 35 , 40 ), and the generation of biobased materials from RCF/RCD oils is particularly attractive, as it can minimize the need for significant product purification ( 5 , 6 ). Additive manufacturing is gaining traction within the biobased materials space as a versatile fabrication approach ( 3 , 4 , 41 ), and SLA 3D printing is a technique that uses visible or ultraviolet light to photocure resins ( 42 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FID temperature was 300°C. Yields and product selectivities were determined using an internal standard, n -decane, and an effective carbon number approach from previous studies ( 35 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction

et al. 2022

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Chemocatalytic lignin valorization strategies are critical for a sustainable bioeconomy, as lignin, especially technical lignin, is one of the most available and underutilized aromatic feedstocks. Here, we provide the first report of an intensified reactive distillation–reductive catalytic deconstruction (RD-RCD) process to concurrently deconstruct technical lignins from diverse sources and purify the aromatic products at ambient pressure. We demonstrate the utility of RD-RCD bio-oils in high-performance additive manufacturing via stereolithography 3D printing and highlight its economic advantages over a conventional reductive catalytic fractionation/RCD process. As an example, our RD-RCD reduces the cost of producing a biobased pressure-sensitive adhesive from softwood Kraft lignin by up to 60% in comparison to the high-pressure RCD approach. Last, a facile screening method was developed to predict deconstruction yields using easy-to-obtain thermal decomposition data. This work presents an integrated lignin valorization approach for upgrading existing lignin streams toward the realization of economically viable biorefineries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction

et al. 2022

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“…The reactor was heated to 250°C (it takes ~10–15 min to reach the set point) and held for 15 h while stirring. Reaction conditions were optimized in our previous studies (Ebikade et al, 2020; Li et al, 2018; Shuai et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2018). Subsequently, the reactor was cooled until reaching room temperature, and the gas phase was released.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity

Zhang

Levia

Ebikade

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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Lignin and lignin‐based materials have received considerable attention in various fields due to their promise as sustainable feedstocks. Guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) are two primary monolignols that occur in different ratios for different plant species. As methoxyphenols, G and S have been targeted as atmospheric pollutants and their acute toxicity examined. However, there is a rare understanding of the toxicological properties on other endpoints and mixture effects of these monolignols. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated the impact of different S/G ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and three lignin depolymerization samples from poplar, pine, and miscanthus species on mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. A multitiered method consisted of in silico simulation, in vitro Ames test, and in vivo chicken embryonic assay was employed. In the Ames test, syringol showed a sign of mutagenicity, whereas guaiacol did not, which agreed with the T.E.S.T. simulation. For three S and G mixture and lignin monomers, mutagenic activity was related to the proportion of syringol. In addition, both S and G showed developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay and T.E.S.T. simulation, and guaiacol had a severe effect on lipid peroxidation. A similar trend and comparable developmental toxicity levels were detected for S and G mixtures and the three lignin depolymerized monomers. This study provides data and insights on the differential toxicity of varying S/G ratios for some important building blocks for bio‐based materials.

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“…[12] The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) method could be utilized to depolymerize the biomass feedstocks into phenolic monomers with high yields (~40 wt% based on total lignin). [13] Lignin depolymerization faces great challenges due its highly complex polymeric structure. Lignin is a polymer with three basic phenylpropane monomers, which are linked together by ether and C-C bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High Value Utilization of Bio-oil from Lignin Targeting for Advanced Lubrication

Mu¹,

Dong²,

Li³

et al. 2021

ES Mater. Manuf.

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High-value utilization of biomass has been driven by increasingly growing industrial demands. Herein, we offer a strategy composed of depolymerization and esterification reaction of lignin to transfer to bio-oil with high liquid yield (79.75~85.25%), which is demonstrated as a high performance lubricant. Overall, the bio-oil has the excellent lubrication properties, where a significant wear reduction of 97.6% was observed as compared with polyethylene glycol 200. Meanwhile, the more ether and less acid in bio-oil could improve the anti-wear properties. This work provides a new application of utilizing lignin in advanced lubrication systems.

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Reductive catalytic fractionation of agricultural residue and energy crop lignin and application of lignin oil in antimicrobials

Abstract: Cheap and abundant waste from bioethanol and agricultural processing industries are an alluring alternative feedstock for biorefineries. In this work, we employ reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) to depolymerize, over Ru/C...

Cited by 59 publications

References 69 publications

Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction

Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction

The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity

Achieving High Value Utilization of Bio-oil from Lignin Targeting for Advanced Lubrication

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