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As one of the most reliable and economic measures taken to eliminate or reduce slump-type settlements of Type-II soil under their own weight, the installation of underground stroies of buildings ( Fig. 1) has been proposed, and, has been based primarily on experimental-theoretical and computational analytical studies conducted by the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures. It was established that deepening of the building's substructure by 6-10 m with installation of two-three multipurpose stories is required in the majority of cases for complete elimination of slump-type settlements of these soils under their own weight.The physico-theoretical basis of the method of complete elimination or reduction of slump-type settlements of soils under their own weight to limiting values by unloading the soil mass during installation of underground stories is a detailed account of characteristic features of the manifestation of slump-induced deformations, and, among other things, their dependencies on: the depth of the pits, or the embedment depth of the lower surface of the basements; their width and planform, as well as the magnitude H sl of the stratum prone to slump-type settlement; the relative proneness ε sl to slump-type settlement and the initial pressure p sl causing the slump-type settlement, as well as their variation with respect to depth within the limits of H sl , and, what is of particular importance, the interaction of deep, mainly pile foundations with the surrounding soils during their slump-type settlements.In opening pits for underground stories, unloading of the soil mass with a complete or significant reduction in possible slump-induced settlements of the soils under their own weight occurs directly beneath the footprint of the building, and transition from Type-II to Type-I soil conditions with respect to proneness to slump-type settlement takes place at certain pit depths. In these cases, there are no friction f n and additional loads on the piles, and within the pile field, the piles will take up only the load due to the buildings and structures (see Fig. 1b). Frictional forces f n will manifest themselves, however, along the external surfaces of the enclosing structures of the underground stories; special slippage joints should therefore be included for their removal.Installation of underground stories beneath low-rise buildings often results in the fact that the entire building is found to weigh less than the soil removed in opening the pit. For similar relationships between Proposals are discussed for the installation of underground stories on loess soils prone to slump-type settlement and fill soils of graded embankments as one of the most reliable and economic measures to ensure the strength and serviceability of buildings and structures erected under there conditions. Basic technico-economic and social advantages of the proposed technical solutions are cited.
As one of the most reliable and economic measures taken to eliminate or reduce slump-type settlements of Type-II soil under their own weight, the installation of underground stroies of buildings ( Fig. 1) has been proposed, and, has been based primarily on experimental-theoretical and computational analytical studies conducted by the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures. It was established that deepening of the building's substructure by 6-10 m with installation of two-three multipurpose stories is required in the majority of cases for complete elimination of slump-type settlements of these soils under their own weight.The physico-theoretical basis of the method of complete elimination or reduction of slump-type settlements of soils under their own weight to limiting values by unloading the soil mass during installation of underground stories is a detailed account of characteristic features of the manifestation of slump-induced deformations, and, among other things, their dependencies on: the depth of the pits, or the embedment depth of the lower surface of the basements; their width and planform, as well as the magnitude H sl of the stratum prone to slump-type settlement; the relative proneness ε sl to slump-type settlement and the initial pressure p sl causing the slump-type settlement, as well as their variation with respect to depth within the limits of H sl , and, what is of particular importance, the interaction of deep, mainly pile foundations with the surrounding soils during their slump-type settlements.In opening pits for underground stories, unloading of the soil mass with a complete or significant reduction in possible slump-induced settlements of the soils under their own weight occurs directly beneath the footprint of the building, and transition from Type-II to Type-I soil conditions with respect to proneness to slump-type settlement takes place at certain pit depths. In these cases, there are no friction f n and additional loads on the piles, and within the pile field, the piles will take up only the load due to the buildings and structures (see Fig. 1b). Frictional forces f n will manifest themselves, however, along the external surfaces of the enclosing structures of the underground stories; special slippage joints should therefore be included for their removal.Installation of underground stories beneath low-rise buildings often results in the fact that the entire building is found to weigh less than the soil removed in opening the pit. For similar relationships between Proposals are discussed for the installation of underground stories on loess soils prone to slump-type settlement and fill soils of graded embankments as one of the most reliable and economic measures to ensure the strength and serviceability of buildings and structures erected under there conditions. Basic technico-economic and social advantages of the proposed technical solutions are cited.
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