Reduction in the sex ability of worldwide clonal populations of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Ali, Sajid; Leconte, Marc; Walker, Anne‐Sophie; Enjalbert, Jérôme; Vallavieille‐Pope, C. de

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.07.002

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In our analyses, the representative isolates from Transcaucasia were less diverse, appeared to be clonal and did not exhibit strong divergence from the rest of the Middle-Eastern, Central Asian and Mediterranean populations. In contrast, the existence of high levels of diversity, private alleles, a recombinant population structure, the ability to produce sex-related structures [32] and the independent maintenance of PST populations in the Himalaya [66] suggest this latter region as a more plausible centre of origin for PST. The analysis of ancestral relationships among worldwide populations further confirmed the Himalayan populations to be the ancestral populations and the differentiation between Pakistan and China to be the most ancestral split (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This possibility also recently gained indirect experimental support, with the demonstration of Berberis spp. as alternate host for PST under laboratory conditions [63] and a high ability for sexual reproduction (in the form of telial production) reported in the Asian populations of PST [32]. Although the role of Berberis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The selection was made to maximize the representation of each population (partially assessed previously by AFLP, microsatellites and/or virulence profiles [6], [10], [25], [28], [29], [31], [32]), while balancing the number of isolates for each previously described genetic group, and trying to cover the geographic distribution of each. Isolates representative of aggressive strains were selected from the two recently emerged aggressive strains, PstS1 (associated with the post-2000 epidemics in the USA and Australia), and the Euro-Asian strain, PstS2, as well as a set of aggressive isolates frequently reported in Southern Europe, PstS3, which were less aggressive than PstS1 and PstS2 [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, Migration Routes and Worldwide Population Genetic Structure of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Ali

Gladieux²,

Leconte³

et al. 2014

PLoS Pathog

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Analyses of large-scale population structure of pathogens enable the identification of migration patterns, diversity reservoirs or longevity of populations, the understanding of current evolutionary trajectories and the anticipation of future ones. This is particularly important for long-distance migrating fungal pathogens such as Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), capable of rapid spread to new regions and crop varieties. Although a range of recent PST invasions at continental scales are well documented, the worldwide population structure and the center of origin of the pathogen were still unknown. In this study, we used multilocus microsatellite genotyping to infer worldwide population structure of PST and the origin of new invasions based on 409 isolates representative of distribution of the fungus on six continents. Bayesian and multivariate clustering methods partitioned the set of multilocus genotypes into six distinct genetic groups associated with their geographical origin. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and genotypic diversity indicated a strong regional heterogeneity in levels of recombination, with clear signatures of recombination in the Himalayan (Nepal and Pakistan) and near-Himalayan regions (China) and a predominant clonal population structure in other regions. The higher genotypic diversity, recombinant population structure and high sexual reproduction ability in the Himalayan and neighboring regions suggests this area as the putative center of origin of PST. We used clustering methods and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to compare different competing scenarios describing ancestral relationship among ancestral populations and more recently founded populations. Our analyses confirmed the Middle East-East Africa as the most likely source of newly spreading, high-temperature-adapted strains; Europe as the source of South American, North American and Australian populations; and Mediterranean-Central Asian populations as the origin of South African populations. Although most geographic populations are not markedly affected by recent dispersal events, this study emphasizes the influence of human activities on recent long-distance spread of the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, Migration Routes and Worldwide Population Genetic Structure of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Ali

Gladieux²,

Leconte³

et al. 2014

PLoS Pathog

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269

329

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“…For example, in an experiment on a finger millet strain of M. oryzae , Tharreau et al [34] showed that female sterility was associated with higher levels of asexual sporulation in vitro but lower levels of sporulation in planta . Ali et al [47] found a positive correlation between sexual spore production and asexual spore production. Zeyl et al [48] found a positive correlation between sexual fitness and asexual fitness in wild-type strains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when sexual selection was applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asexual reproduction induces a rapid and permanent loss of sexual reproduction capacity in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae: results of in vitroexperimental evolution assays

et al. 2012

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BackgroundSexual reproduction is common in eukaryotic microorganisms, with few species reproducing exclusively asexually. However, in some organisms, such as fungi, asexual reproduction alternates with episodic sexual reproduction events. Fungi are thus appropriate organisms for studies of the reasons for the selection of sexuality or clonality and of the mechanisms underlying this selection. Magnaporthe oryzae, an Ascomycete causing blast disease on rice, reproduces mostly asexually in natura. Sexual reproduction is possible in vitro and requires (i) two strains of opposite mating types including (ii) at least one female-fertile strain (i.e. a strain able to produce perithecia, the female organs in which meiosis occurs). Female-fertile strains are found only in limited areas of Asia, in which evidence for contemporary recombination has recently been obtained. We induced the forced evolution of four Chinese female-fertile strains in vitro by the weekly transfer of asexual spores (conidia) between Petri dishes. We aimed to determine whether female fertility was rapidly lost in the absence of sexual reproduction and whether this loss was controlled genetically or epigenetically.ResultsAll the strains became female-sterile after 10 to 19 rounds of selection under asexual conditions. As no single-spore isolation was carried out, the observed decrease in the production of perithecia reflected the emergence and the invasion of female-sterile mutants. The female-sterile phenotype segregated in the offspring of crosses between female-sterile evolved strains and female-fertile wild-type strains. This segregation was maintained in the second generation in backcrosses. Female-sterile evolved strains were subjected to several stresses, but none induced the restoration of female fertility. This loss of fertility was therefore probably due to genetic rather than epigenetic mechanisms. In competition experiments, female-sterile mutants produced similar numbers of viable conidia to wild-type strains, but released them more efficiently. This advantage may account for the invasion of our populations by female-sterile mutants.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that, in the absence of sexual reproduction, female-sterile mutants of M. oryzae rice strains can arise and increase in abundance in asexual generations. This change in phenotype was frequent and probably caused by mutation. These results suggest that female fertility may have been lost rapidly during the dispersion of the fungus from Asia to the rest of the world.

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“…tritici (PST), an obligate basidiomycete that causes wheat yellow/stripe rust, a serious disease in all major wheat growing regions [1-5]. The development of different molecular markers has aided the description of possible PST migration patterns [6], the emergence of high temperature-adapted strains [7,8] and the existence of recombination [9,10]. Despite these recent developments, numerous questions still need to be addressed, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid genotyping method for an obligate fungal pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, based on DNA extraction from infected leaf and Multiplex PCR genotyping

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPuccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), an obligate fungal pathogen causing wheat yellow/stripe rust, a serious disease, has been used to understand the evolution of crop pathogen using molecular markers. However, numerous questions regarding its evolutionary history and recent migration routes still remains to be addressed, which need the genotyping of a large number of isolates, a process that is limited by both DNA extraction and genotyping methods. To address the two issues, we developed here a method for direct DNA extraction from infected leaves combined with optimized SSR multiplexing.FindingsWe report here an efficient protocol for direct fungal DNA extraction from infected leaves, avoiding the costly and time consuming step of spore multiplication. The genotyping strategy we propose, amplified a total of 20 SSRs in three Multiplex PCR reactions, which were highly polymorphic and were able to differentiate different PST populations with high efficiency and accuracy.ConclusionThese two developments enabled a genotyping strategy that could contribute to the development of molecular epidemiology of yellow rust disease, both at a regional or worldwide scale.

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Reduction in the sex ability of worldwide clonal populations of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Cited by 72 publications

References 68 publications

Origin, Migration Routes and Worldwide Population Genetic Structure of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Origin, Migration Routes and Worldwide Population Genetic Structure of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici

Asexual reproduction induces a rapid and permanent loss of sexual reproduction capacity in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae: results of in vitroexperimental evolution assays

A rapid genotyping method for an obligate fungal pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, based on DNA extraction from infected leaf and Multiplex PCR genotyping

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