Reducing toxic reactive carbonyl species in e-cigarette emissions: testing a harm-reduction strategy based on dicarbonyl trapping

Abstract

Reducing the concentration of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) in e-cigarette emissions represents a major goal to control their potentially harmful effects.

Experimental-based mechanistic study and optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction of anaerobic digestates

“…The potential prevention mechanism involves the capture of the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group by the aromatic rings of phenols or phenolic acid through an ortho-or para-directed electrophilic aromatic substitution (r20). 77 Although products of this mechanism, such as dihydroxycinnamic-acid-2-glyoxal and benzenetriol-2-butanedione, were not detected in biocrudes due to their non-volatile nature, several meta-hydroxyl-containing phenols (e.g., 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 5-tert-butylpyrogallol, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) were detected with an increased extent in the HTL-AP of lignin-rich feedstock (see Table S8, ESI †). Since a meta conguration of the electron donor (-OH group) at carbons number 3 or 5 in the phenol ring has a higher reactivity toward carbonyl-capturing at the ortho or para position, their increased detection suggests that the capturing reaction (r20) is likely to occurr.…”

“…Since a meta configuration of the electron donor (–OH group) at carbons number 3 or 5 in the phenol ring has a higher reactivity toward carbonyl-capturing at the ortho or para position, their increased detection suggests that the capturing reaction (r20) is likely to occurr. 77…”