Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Droppings for the Use of Inorganic and Biologically Active Substances

Abstract

The leading place in the structure of livestock production is occupied by poultry farming. The intensive development of this industry poses a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment since, in addition to the main products, there is a considerable amount of waste. The latter serves as a source of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere, which are one of the main causes of negative changes in the climatic balance of the planet. Therefore, determining the level of greenhouse gas emissions under the influence of inorganic and biologically active substances was the basis of the planned research. As a result of the conducted studies, the effectiveness of the studied substances – perlite, glauconite, saponite, vermiculite, biopreparations Kapeliukhiv Yarok and Scarabei, magnesium acetate and superphosphate – was established to reduce the level of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from poultry litter (in vitro). In particular, it was determined that vermiculite, which most effectively affects greenhouse gas emissions from poultry litter from natural sorbents, reduces the level of CH4 and CO2 by 10.5-14.4%, and NO – 9.6-11.2%. The biological product of Kapeliukhiv Yarok more effectively reduces the emission of CH4 and CO2 from the test substrate by 12.9-17.3%, and Scarabei – NO by 11.8-13.3%. The introduction of magnesium acetate and superphosphate into fermented poultry litter helps to reduce the level of CH4 and CO2 release by 14.8-18.7% and 14.0-17.4%, respectively, and NO – by 15.3-16.1% and 12.4-14.7%. Studied substances that reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the greatest extent (in vitro) – magnesium acetate, superphosphate, biopreparations Kapeliukhiv Yarok and Scarabei, vermiculite from the studied substrate, and at the same time provide the lowest pH level – 6.55-7.15 units. Thus, the determination of the effectiveness of the studied inorganic and biologically active substances on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from poultry litter (in vitro) indicates the prospects of their use to prevent environmental pollution in the intensive management of the poultry industry

Anaerobic Fermentation of Chicken Manure and Methods for Intensifying Methane Output

“…To ensure maximum efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation process, i.e., active reproduction and enzymatic activity of microorganisms, it is necessary to maintain optimal conditions, namely the temperature regime and acidity (pH) of the medium, etc. In particular, the minimum temperature at which methanogenesis occurs is 6ºC, while its value below 0ºC is maintained by microorganisms, but the metabolic process completely stops (Vorobel et al, 2021;Soluk et al, 2015;Ziemiński & Frąc, 2012). An increase in temperature contributes to a higher rate and degree of destruction of organic raw materials, but at a level of more than 70 ºC, methane-forming microorganisms die, and at a value above 45 ºC, the methane concentration in the total volume of gases decreases, despite the improvement in the conditions of their development (Skliar et al, 2018;Soluk et al, 2015;Polishchuk et al, 2013).…”

“…The growing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases the greenhouse effect, adversely affects natural processes due to intensive retention of thermal radiation, which contributes to excessive warming of the planet, an increase in the number of natural disasters and cataclysms (desertification, landslides, hurricanes), etc. (Khodorchuk et al, 2014;Vorobel et al, 2021;Monteny et al, 2001). Climate change due to the greenhouse effect is one of the most global environmental problems of modern times (Khodorchuk et al, 2014;Demchuk et al, 2010;Caro, 2019).…”

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“…To ensure maximum efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation process, i.e., active reproduction and enzymatic activity of microorganisms, it is necessary to maintain optimal conditions, namely the temperature regime and acidity (pH) of the medium, etc. ( In particular, the minimum temperature at which methanogenesis occurs is 6ºC, while its value below 0ºC is maintained by microorganisms, but the metabolic process completely stops (Vorobel et al, 2021;Soluk et al, 2015;Ziemiński & Frąc, 2012). An increase in temperature contributes to a higher rate and degree of destruction of organic raw materials, but at a level of more than 70 ºC, methane-forming microorganisms die, and at a value above 45 ºC, the methane concentration in the total volume of gases decreases, despite the improvement in the conditions of their development (Skliar et al, 2018;Soluk et al, 2015;Polishchuk et al, 2013).…”

“…The growing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases the greenhouse effect, adversely affects natural processes due to intensive retention of thermal radiation, which contributes to excessive warming of the planet, an increase in the number of natural disasters and cataclysms (desertification, landslides, hurricanes), etc. (Khodorchuk et al, 2014;Vorobel et al, 2021;Monteny et al, 2001). Climate change due to the greenhouse effect is one of the most global environmental problems of modern times (Khodorchuk et al, 2014;Demchuk et al, 2010;Caro, 2019).…”