Reduced volume of orbitofrontal cortex in major depression

Bremner, J. Douglas; Vythilingam, Meena; Vermetten, Eric; Nazeer, Ahsan; Adil, Jahangir; Khan, Sheraz Ahmad; Staib, Lawrence H.; Charney, Dennis S.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01336-1

Cited by 484 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Studies have shown that the OFC is involved in modulating emotional behavior and stress response (Drevets, 2000). Orbital frontal volumetric abnormalities have been described in unipolar depressed patients (Lai et al, 2000;Bremner et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2003). Reports of volumetric analysis of the PFC are relatively limited in bipolar subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder

Beyer

Taylor

MacFall

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

144

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This article reports on preliminary findings describing microstructural abnormalities in the white matter of cortical areas thought to be associated with bipolar disorder. In all, 14 patients with bipolar disorder and 21 nonpsychiatrically ill control subjects underwent MR imaging including a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) pulse sequence (six directions, b ¼ 1000 mm 2 /s). DTI data were analyzed on a workstation using a program that allowed calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) within the following three white matter fiber tracts bilaterally: the orbital frontal cortex, and the superior and middle frontal gyri. These values were compared across patient groups. The left and right orbital frontal white matter exhibited significantly higher ADC values in bipolar subjects than control subjects on both the left (p ¼ 0.028) and right (p ¼ 0.011). Microstructural changes in the white matter of the orbital frontal areas as reflected by increased ADC values appear to be associated with bipolar disorder. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of microstructural changes and bipolar symptoms and whether these changes are specific to bipolar disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder

Beyer

Taylor

MacFall

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many of these disorders feature an 'impulsive' component such as drug abuse (Bechara & Damasio, 2002;Bechara et al, 2001;London, Ernst, Grant, Bonson, & Weinstein, 2000;Paulus et al, 2002), acute alcohol intoxication (Giancola, 2000a(Giancola, , 2000bMazas, Finn, & Steinmetz, 2000), early onset forms of alcohol abuse (Laakso et al, 2002), and pathological gambling (Cavedini, Riboldi, Keller, D'Annucci, & Bellodi, 2002). Antisocial behavior can also be comorbid with other mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorders (Clark, Iversen, & Goodwin, 2001), schizophrenia (Chemerinski, Nopoulos, Crespo-Facorro, Andreasen, & Magnotta, 2002;Hutton et al, 2002;Nolan, Volavka, Mohr, & Czobor, 1999), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Arseneault et al, 2000a), depressive states even after remission (Bremner et al, 2002), and ADHD ). However, these conditions in themselves are not necessarily risk factors for antisocial behavior.…”

Section: Methodological Issues In Neurocognitive Studies Of Antisociamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

Séguin

2004

Brain and Cognition

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This paper reviews the role of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions in antisocial behaviors and the adequacy of a strict OFC account of antisocial disorders where there is no evidence of lesion. Neurocognitive accounts of antisocial behaviors are extended beyond the OFC. Several methodological shortcomings specific to this neuroscience approach to antisocial behavior are identified. A developmental approach is advocated to chart the developmental sequences of impaired brain development and of the various comorbid states typically seen in antisocial disorders.

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“…Alterations in the cingulate cortex have also been observed by many authors. Among these, a smaller anterior cingulate (or Brodmann Area 24: BA24) was observed in depressed patients when compared to controls 9,24,25 and altered activity has also been reported. [26][27][28] Brodmann area 29 (BA29) or posterior cingulate, has been associated mainly to response to antidepressant treatment with changes in metabolic response associated with the different treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

et al. 2007

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The limbic system has consistently been associated with the control of emotions and with mood disorders. The goal of this study was to identify new molecular targets associated with suicide and with major depression using oligonucleotide microarrays in the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gryus (BA24) and posterior cingulate gyrus (BA29)). A total of 39 subjects were included in this study. They were all male subjects and comprised 26 suicides (depressed suicides = 18, non depressed suicides = 8) and 13 matched controls. Brain gene expression analysis was carried out on human brain samples using the Affymetrix HG U133 chip set. Differential expression in each of the limbic regions showed group-specific patterns of expression, supporting particular neurobiological mechanisms implicated in suicide and depression. Confirmation of genes selected based on their significance and the interest of their function with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed consistently correlated signals with the results obtained in the microarray analysis. Gene ontology analysis with differentially expressed genes revealed an overrepresentation of transcription and metabolism-related genes in the hippocampus and amygdala, whereas differentially expressed genes in BA24 and BA29 were more generally related to RNA-binding, regulation of enzymatic activity and protein metabolism. Limbic expression patterns were most extensively altered in the hippocampus, where processes related to major depression were associated with altered expression of factors involved with transcription and cellular metabolism. Additionally, our results confirm previous evidence pointing to global alteration of gabaergic neurotransmission in suicide and major depression, offering new avenues in the study and possibly treatment of such complex disorders. Overall, these data suggest that specific patterns of expression in the limbic system contribute to the etiology of depression and suicidal behaviors and highlight the role of the hippocampus in major depression.

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Reduced volume of orbitofrontal cortex in major depression

Cited by 484 publications

References 55 publications

Cortical White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder

Cortical White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

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