Reduced postnatal cerebral glucose metabolism measured by PET after asphyxia in near term fetal lambs

Thorngren-Jerneck, Kristina; Ley, David; Hellström‐Westas, Lena; Hernández‐Andrade, Edgar; Lingman, Göran; Ohlsson, Tomas; Óskarsson, Gylfi; Pesonen, Erkki; Sandell, A.; Strand, Sven‐Erik; Werner, Olof; Maršál, Karel

doi:10.1002/jnr.10051

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…27 A decrease in the uptake of [ 18 F] FDG, to a certain degree, often implies irreversible brain injury. 28 The results of the present study indicated that following HI, glucose metabolism increased and the BG/OC ratio peaked at around 6 -12 hours. Glucose metabolism then decreased with time, and the uptake of [ 18 F] FDG in the whole brain decreased up to 48 -72 hours following HI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Expression Changes in Lactate and Glucose Metabolism and Associated Transporters in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxic-Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Piglets

Yang

Wang

2018

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The neonatal brain has active energy metabolism, and glucose oxidation is the major energy source of brain tissue. Lactate is produced by astrocytes and released to neurons. In the central nervous system, lactate is transported between neurons and astrocytes via the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism in neurons and astrocytes in the basal ganglia of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury piglet model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Expression Changes in Lactate and Glucose Metabolism and Associated Transporters in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxic-Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Piglets

Yang

Wang

2018

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…The peak value was 56 (30 -61) kPa, and such a high Pbt O2 has been previously seen only under hyperbaric conditions (18). The finding is probably due to a combination of factors, namely high Fi O2 , postischemic hyperemia accentuated by metabolic and respiratory arterial acidemia, and reduced metabolism (19) in the postasphyctic brain. Surprisingly, Lyng et al (20) found a much smaller peak Pbt O2 in 1-2-d-old piglets that were asphyxiated by breathing an hypoxic mixture and then resuscitated with 30 min of oxygen-ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…15%, in all animals. MAP decreased to a nadir of 14 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) mm Hg in 17 animals and to 32 mm Hg in one. HR decreased to 64 (30 -96) bpm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

High Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension During Ventilation With 100% Oxygen After Fetal Asphyxia in Newborn Sheep

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT:The optimal inhaled oxygen fraction for newborn resuscitation is still not settled. We hypothesized that short-lasting oxygen ventilation after intrauterine asphyxia would not cause arterial or cerebral hyperoxia, and therefore be innocuous. The umbilical cord of fetal sheep was clamped and 10 min later, after delivery, ventilation with air (n ϭ 7) or with 100% oxygen for 3 (n ϭ 6) or 30 min (n ϭ 5), followed by air, was started. Among the 11 lambs given 100% oxygen, oxygen tension (P O2 ) was 10.7 (1.8 -56) kPa [median (range)] in arterial samples taken after 2.5 min of ventilation. In those ventilated with 100% oxygen for 30 min, brain tissue P O2 (Pbt O2 ) increased from less than 0.1 kPa in each lamb to individual maxima of 56 (30 -61) kPa, whereas in those given oxygen for just 3 min, Pbt O2 peaked at 4.2 (2.9 -46) kPa. The maximal Pbt O2 in airventilated lambs was 2.9 (0.8 -5.4) kPa. Heart rate and blood pressure increased equally fast in the three groups. Thus, prolonged ventilation with 100% oxygen caused an increase in Pbt O2 of a magnitude previously only reported under hyperbaric conditions. Reducing the time of 100% oxygen ventilation to 3 min did not consistently avert systemic hyperoxia. (Pediatr Res 65: 57-61, 2009) C urrent guidelines from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation breathe considerable uncertainty as to how much supplementary oxygen should be given during resuscitation of newborn asphyxiated infants (1). Previous recommendations were to be generous with oxygen, but recent guidelines from a number of countries, e.g. Australia, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom recommend initial ventilation with air, because of the results from several experimental (2-5) and clinical (6 -13) studies indicating that resuscitation with 100% oxygen is harmful. In the clinical studies, the time of exposure to 100% oxygen was typically 5-7 min (8,13), whereas only one animal study (5) has investigated an exposure time to oxygen less than 15 min.We speculated that very short times of exposure might not allow systemic hyperoxia to develop and so be harmless to the newborn infant, except for a possible negative effect on the lungs. In fact, the pulse oximetric saturation at 3 min after birth is usually below 80% (14,15) in the normal air-breathing infant, suggesting the presence of cardiac or pulmonary rightto-left shunts. One might expect that such shunts would delay the appearance of arterial hyperoxemia in the infant breathing pure oxygen. However, this has been studied neither in normal nor in asphyxiated subjects.We used a sheep model of term intrauterine asphyxia with postnatal resuscitation, and hypothesized that hyperoxia of arterial blood and of brain tissue could be prevented by limiting the period of ventilation with 100% oxygen to 3 min. We also investigated whether the speed of circulatory recovery, as reflected by the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) responses, and the speed of recovery of brain oxygenation, as reflected ...

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“…Indeed, nutrient source and glucose metabolism of the brain, especially the utilization of ketones, differ in sheep in comparison to human and rodent (Lindsay and Setchell, 1976). This may account for the lack of PET studies in sheep with the notable exception of foetal and neonatal lamb (Thorngren-Jerneck et al, 2001). Additionally, despite studies describing (partially) the functional mapping of the cortex of the sheep (Kirk et al, 1987), from our knowledge, this model has never been used for functional neurosurgery or chronic DBS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pig model in brain imaging and neurosurgery

Sauleau

Lapouble

Val‐Laillet

et al. 2009

Animal

206

178

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The pig model is increasingly used in the field of neuroscience because of the similarities of its brain with human. This review presents the peculiarities of the anatomy and functions of the pig brain with specific reference to its human counterpart. We propose an approximate mapping of the pig's cortical areas since a comprehensive description of the equivalent of Brodmann's areas is lacking. On the contrary, deep brain structures are received more consideration but a true three-dimensional (3D) atlas is still eagerly required. In the second section, we present an overview of former works describing the use of functional imaging and neuronavigation in the pig model. Recently, the pig has been increasingly used for molecular imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET). Indeed, the large size of its brain is compatible with the limited spatial resolution of the PET scanner built to accommodate a human being. Similarly, neuronavigation is an absolute requirement to target deep brain areas in human and in pig since the surgeon cannot rely on external skull structures for zeroing the 3D reference frame. Therefore, a large body of methodological refinements has been dedicated to image guided surgery in the pig model. These refinements allow now a millimetre precision: an absolute requirement for basal nuclei targeting. In the third section, several examples of ongoing studies in our laboratory were presented to illustrate the intricacies of using the pig model. For both examples, after a brief description of the scientific context of the experiment, we present, in detail, the methodological steps required to achieve the experimental goals, which are specific to the porcine model. Finally, in the fourth section, the anatomical variations depending on the breed and age are discussed in relation with neuronavigation and brain surgery. The need for a digitized multimodality brain atlas is also highlighted.Keywords: pig, neuroimaging, single photon emission tomography, neuronavigation, deep brain stimulation ImplicationsThe pig model is increasingly used in the field of neuroscience because of the similarities of its brain with human. Indeed, aside from the rodent model there is a critical need for a large animal model ethically acceptable, i.e. excluding non-human primates. In this review we present some experiments dealing with the various procedures achievable in the pig model ranging from image-guided brain surgery to functional brain imaging studies. The recent advances in functional imaging data processing pointed out our partial knowledge of pig brain neuro-anatomy and the requirement for a digitalized atlas matching MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and histological resources. IntroductionSwine have been used extensively as a model of human in biomedical researches such as cardiovascular, metabolic and transplantation (Phillips et al., 1982;Larsen and Rolin, 2004;Imai et al., 2006;Groth, 2007). In the last decade, an increasing number of studies in the field of neuroscience has been reported (Lind et ...

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Reduced postnatal cerebral glucose metabolism measured by PET after asphyxia in near term fetal lambs

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Expression Changes in Lactate and Glucose Metabolism and Associated Transporters in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxic-Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Piglets

Expression Changes in Lactate and Glucose Metabolism and Associated Transporters in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxic-Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Piglets

High Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension During Ventilation With 100% Oxygen After Fetal Asphyxia in Newborn Sheep

The pig model in brain imaging and neurosurgery

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