Reduced cancer mortality at high altitude: The role of glucose, lipids, iron and physical activity

Thiersch, Markus; Swenson, Erik R.; Haider, Thomas; Gassmann, Max

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.048

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…As seen in Figure 1 , an increasing number of research studies focuses on exercise training in hypoxia for patients, with authors strongly arguing about its potential superior effects compared to exercise in normoxia (Wee and Climstein, 2015 ; Millet et al, 2016b ; Hobbins et al, 2017 ; Thiersch et al, 2017 ). In hypoxia, the prescription of exercise intensity requires considerable attention due to the reduction in aerobic capacity (Friedmann et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Consequences In Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Limitation of Maximal Heart Rate in Hypoxia: Mechanisms and Clinical Importance

Mourot

2018

Front. Physiol.

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The use of exercise intervention in hypoxia has grown in popularity amongst patients, with encouraging results compared to similar intervention in normoxia. The prescription of exercise for patients largely rely on heart rate recordings (percentage of maximal heart rate (HRmax) or heart rate reserve). It is known that HRmax decreases with high altitude and the duration of the stay (acclimatization). At an altitude typically chosen for training (2,000-3,500 m) conflicting results have been found. Whether or not this decrease exists or not is of importance since the results of previous studies assessing hypoxic training based on HR may be biased due to improper intensity. By pooling the results of 86 studies, this literature review emphasizes that HRmax decreases progressively with increasing hypoxia. The dose–response is roughly linear and starts at a low altitude, but with large inter-study variabilities. Sex or age does not seem to be a major contributor in the HRmax decline with altitude. Rather, it seems that the greater the reduction in arterial oxygen saturation, the greater the reduction in HRmax, due to an over activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Only a few studies reported HRmax at sea/low level and altitude with patients. Altogether, due to very different experimental design, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions in these different clinical categories of people. Hence, forthcoming studies in specific groups of patients are required to properly evaluate (1) the HRmax change during acute hypoxia and the contributing factors, and (2) the physiological and clinical effects of exercise training in hypoxia with adequate prescription of exercise training intensity if based on heart rate.

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Section: Consequences In Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Limitation of Maximal Heart Rate in Hypoxia: Mechanisms and Clinical Importance

Mourot

2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…Sin embargo, no se demostró diferencias significativas en las dos poblaciones [49][50][51][52] . Datos epidemiológicos y experimentales sugieren que la exposición crónica a una gran altitud reduce la mortalidad por cáncer y la prevalencia de ciertos trastornos metabólicos como diabetes mellitus y obesidad, lo que implica un resultado aparentemente beneficioso para poblaciones asentadas en regiones geográficamente elevadas 53,54 . Se postula que la mayoría de los procesos fisiológicos de adaptación a gran altitud ocurren en respuesta a la hipoxia, mediante la inducción o represión de la transcripción de diversos genes implicados en angiogénesis, metabolismo de la glucosa, metástasis, supervivencia o muerte celular 55,56 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Prevalencia de colecistolitiasis y cáncer de vesícula en una población rural aymara de Chile

et al. 2020

Rev. méd. Chile

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Prevalence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer among Aymara individualsBackground: The prevalence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer may be different across ethnic groups. Aim: To study the prevalence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer among Aymara individuals. Material and Methods: An abdominal ultrasound was carried out in a sample of 182 Aymara women aged 46 ± 16 years and 76 Aymara men aged 55 ± 16 years. In addition, the histopathological reports of both patients with a history of previous cholecystectomy and those operated after the study were reviewed. Results: Ultrasound was normal in 150 participants (58%), 76 had cholelithiasis (30%) and 32 (12%) had a history of cholecystectomy. Pathological reports of the excised gallbladder were available for 106 cases and showed a chronic cholecystitis in 98% of cases. Gallbladder cancer was not reported. Conclusions: There is a 42% prevalence of cholelithiasis and no gallbladder cancer in this sample of Aymara population.

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“…[58][59][60] Although several studies demonstrated favorable health effects associated with living at moderate to high altitudes, that is, hypobaric hypoxia, they include other environmental and socioeconomic factors that are difficult to control. [61][62][63][64] Clearly defined prophylactic or therapeutic effects have been attributed to the use of normobaric hypoxia. In contrast to rather few reports on the application of hypoxia in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, 55,56,65,66 there are several studies suggesting beneficial impacts of hypoxia on cognitive performance, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Exploiting O Manipulations For Improving Brain Function: Eff...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting moderate hypoxia to benefit patients with brain disease: Molecular mechanisms and translational research in progress

Ehrenreich¹,

Gassmann

Poustka

et al. 2023

Neuroprotection

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Hypoxia is increasingly recognized as an important physiological driving force. A specific transcriptional program, induced by a decrease in oxygen (O2) availability, for example, inspiratory hypoxia at high altitude, allows cells to adapt to lower O2 and limited energy metabolism. This transcriptional program is partly controlled by and partly independent of hypoxia‐inducible factors. Remarkably, this same transcriptional program is stimulated in the brain by extensive motor‐cognitive exercise, leading to a relative decrease in O2 supply, compared to the acutely augmented O2 requirement. We have coined the term “functional hypoxia” for this important demand‐responsive, relative reduction in O2 availability. Functional hypoxia seems to be critical for enduring adaptation to higher physiological challenge that includes substantial “brain hardware upgrade,” underlying advanced performance. Hypoxia‐induced erythropoietin expression in the brain likely plays a decisive role in these processes, which can be imitated by recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. This article review presents hints of how inspiratory O2 manipulations can potentially contribute to enhanced brain function. It thereby provides the ground for exploiting moderate inspiratory plus functional hypoxia to treat individuals with brain disease. Finally, it sketches a planned multistep pilot study in healthy volunteers and first patients, about to start, aiming at improved performance upon motor‐cognitive training under inspiratory hypoxia.

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Reduced cancer mortality at high altitude: The role of glucose, lipids, iron and physical activity

Cited by 17 publications

References 165 publications

Limitation of Maximal Heart Rate in Hypoxia: Mechanisms and Clinical Importance

Limitation of Maximal Heart Rate in Hypoxia: Mechanisms and Clinical Importance

Prevalencia de colecistolitiasis y cáncer de vesícula en una población rural aymara de Chile

Exploiting moderate hypoxia to benefit patients with brain disease: Molecular mechanisms and translational research in progress

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