Redondoviridae, a Family of Small, Circular DNA Viruses of the Human Oro-Respiratory Tract Associated with Periodontitis and Critical Illness

Abbas, Arwa; Taylor, Louis J.; Dothard, Marisol I.; Leiby, Jacob S.; Fitzgerald, Ayannah S.; Khatib, Layla A.; Collman, Ronald G.; Bushman, Frederic D.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.015

Cited by 26 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…We delimited CRESS virus genera using a cutoff of 50% Rep protein identity, following a recent literature example 18 . Genera infecting the same host genus were assigned a Greek number and named with reference to the host (ent for Entamoeba and gia for Giardia) (Supplementary Table 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this is impractical for metagenomically identified viruses, case-control studies are used to reveal associations between viruses and disease. Importantly though, this does not confirm the host; for example, the CRESS virus family Redondoviridae is associated with human periodontal disease and critical illness 18 , but it remains unknown whether the viruses infect humans or a separate host, itself associated with or causing the observed clinical outcomes.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Entamoeba and Giardia parasites implicated as hosts of CRESS viruses

et al. 2020

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Metagenomic techniques have enabled genome sequencing of unknown viruses without isolation in cell culture, but information on the virus host is often lacking, preventing viral characterisation. High-throughput methods capable of identifying virus hosts based on genomic data alone would aid evaluation of their medical or biological relevance. Here, we address this by linking metagenomic discovery of three virus families in human stool samples with determination of probable hosts. Recombination between viruses provides evidence of a shared host, in which genetic exchange occurs. We utilise networks of viral recombination to delimit virus-host clusters, which are then anchored to specific hosts using (1) statistical association to a host organism in clinical samples, (2) endogenous viral elements in host genomes, and (3) evidence of host small RNA responses to these elements. This analysis suggests two CRESS virus families (Naryaviridae and Nenyaviridae) infect Entamoeba parasites, while a third (Vilyaviridae) infects Giardia duodenalis. The trio supplements five CRESS virus families already known to infect eukaryotes, extending the CRESS virus host range to protozoa. Phylogenetic analysis implies CRESS viruses infecting multicellular life have evolved independently on at least three occasions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 96%

Entamoeba and Giardia parasites implicated as hosts of CRESS viruses

et al. 2020

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“…A previous study of saliva and pooled dental plaque from a limited number of patients (n = 7) with periodontal disease showed differences in virome composition between healthy/gingivitis/ mild periodontitis patients and those with moderate/severe periodontal disease 20 . Another virome study in humans with limited periodontal samples identified a new family of redondoviridae associated with periodontal disease 31 . Taken in aggregate, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies suggest that viruses, including herpes simplex virus-1,2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus play important roles in periodontal disease [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . Also, in recent studies, other different viruses have been associated with periodontal disease, however, a comprehensive evaluation of the oral virome in relationship to periodontal disease using shotgun sequencing has not been carried out in mice and to a limited extent in humans [30][31][32][33] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymicrobial periodontal disease triggers a wide radius of effect and unique virome

Gao

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2020

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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Periodontal disease is a microbially-mediated inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues that leads to bone and tissue loss around teeth. Although bacterially-mediated mechanisms of alveolar bone destruction have been widely studied, the effects of a polymicrobial infection on the periodontal ligament and microbiome/virome have not been well explored. Therefore, the current investigation introduced a new mouse model of periodontal disease to examine the effects of a polymicrobial infection on periodontal ligament (PDL) properties, changes in bone loss, the host immune response, and the microbiome/virome using shotgun sequencing. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were used as the polymicrobial oral inoculum in BALB/cByJ mice. The polymicrobial infection triggered significant alveolar bone loss, a heightened antibody response, an elevated cytokine immune response, a significant shift in viral diversity and virome composition, and a widening of the PDL space; the latter two findings have not been previously reported in periodontal disease models. Changes in the PDL space were present at sites far away from the site of insult, indicating that the polymicrobial radius of effect extends beyond the bone loss areas and site of initial infection and wider than previously appreciated. Associations were found between bone loss, specific viral and bacterial species, immune genes, and PDL space changes. These findings may have significant implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and biomechanical properties of the periodontium. This new polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease in a common mouse strain is useful for evaluating the features of periodontal disease.

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“…While attempting to study human virome in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of lung transplant patients [ 1 , 2 ], Abbas and colleagues identified sequence reads that aligned with low-coverage to a poorly characterized circovirus, named porcine stool-associated circular virus-5 (PoSCV-5) [ 3 ]. Further genomic characterization of these reads revealed that they belonged to a novel virus having a single, closed molecule of circular DNA approximately 3000 nucleotides (nt) in length called Redondovirus (ReDoV) [ 4 ]. It was proposed as the second most prevalent eukaryotic virus, after anelloviruses, in human respiratory samples from viral metagenomics studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%