Redefining obesity toward classifying as a disease

Yoshioka

St‐Amand

2020

Animals

Self Cite

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) as an Inflammatory-Induced and Anti-Inflammatory Tissue Repair Factor

Yoshioka

St‐Amand

2020

Animals

Self Cite

“…In addition, not only many risk factors can increase obesity prevalence [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] but the obesity epidemic has also a major impact on health due to the complexity of its mechanisms, pathophysiology, and metabolic consequences [ 11 ]. Obesity has also been reported to increase risks and incidence of diseases and disorders such as advanced colorectal neoplasm [ 12 ], malnutrition [ 13 ], and mortality risk [ 14 ] in addition to decreasing life expectancy [ 15 ] among other diverse health impacts that could justify classifying obesity as a disease [ 16 ].…”

Section: Obesity As a Health Problem In Need Of Novel Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and High-Fat Diet in Obesity: Functional Genomics Perspectives of Two Energy Homeostasis Pillars

Melouane

Yoshioka

et al. 2020

Genes

Self Cite

The heavy impact of obesity on both the population general health and the economy makes clarifying the underlying mechanisms, identifying pharmacological targets, and developing efficient therapies for obesity of high importance. The main struggle facing obesity research is that the underlying mechanistic pathways are yet to be fully revealed. This limits both our understanding of pathogenesis and therapeutic progress toward treating the obesity epidemic. The current anti-obesity approaches are mainly a controlled diet and exercise which could have limitations. For instance, the “classical” anti-obesity approach of exercise might not be practical for patients suffering from disabilities that prevent them from routine exercise. Therefore, therapeutic alternatives are urgently required. Within this context, pharmacological agents could be relatively efficient in association to an adequate diet that remains the most efficient approach in such situation. Herein, we put a spotlight on potential therapeutic targets for obesity identified following differential genes expression-based studies aiming to find genes that are differentially expressed under diverse conditions depending on physical activity and diet (mainly high-fat), two key factors influencing obesity development and prognosis. Such functional genomics approaches contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that both control obesity development and switch the genetic, biochemical, and metabolic pathways toward a specific energy balance phenotype. It is important to clarify that by “gene-related pathways”, we refer to genes, the corresponding proteins and their potential receptors, the enzymes and molecules within both the cells in the intercellular space, that are related to the activation, the regulation, or the inactivation of the gene or its corresponding protein or pathways. We believe that this emerging area of functional genomics-related exploration will not only lead to novel mechanisms but also new applications and implications along with a new generation of treatments for obesity and the related metabolic disorders especially with the modern advances in pharmacological drug targeting and functional genomics techniques.

“…Furthermore, this same approach of balancing life style is beneficial even without weight loss, since many individuals who follow specific diets or exercises do not lose weight. Thus, weight loss should be seen as one single result among the benefits of a healthy life style prescribed for obese individuals rather than the unique objective especially that the risks are about the location and the distribution of the adipose tissue (mainly visceral adipose tissue) rather that the adiposity that could be subcutaneous for example, reflecting the need to redefine obesity [ 70 ], how we assess it, treat it and establish the prognostic of the obese patients in order to further link the underlying mechanisms to the clinical outcomes and prognosis.…”

Section: Toward An Optimized Obesity Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broken Energy Homeostasis and Obesity Pathogenesis: The Surrounding Concepts

Yoshioka²,

St‐Amand

2018

JCM

Self Cite

Obesity represents an abnormal fat accumulation resulting from energy imbalances. It represents a disease with heavy consequences on population health and society economy due to its related morbidities and epidemic proportion. Defining and classifying obesity and its related parameters of evaluation is the first challenge toward understanding this multifactorial health problem. Therefore, within this review we report selected illustrative examples of the underlying mechanisms beyond the obesity pathogenesis which is systemic rather than limited to fat accumulation. We also discuss the gut-brain axis and hormones as the controllers of energy homeostasis and report selected impacts of obesity on the key metabolic tissues. The concepts of “broken energy balance” is detailed as the obesity starting key step. Sleep shortage and psychological factors are also reported with influences on obesity development. Importantly, describing such mechanistic pathways would allow clinicians, biologists and researchers to develop and optimize approaches and methods in terms of diagnosis, classification, clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis of obesity.