Recycling of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using mechanochemical activation and solid-state sintering

Meng, Xiangjing; Hao, Jie; Cao, Hongbin; Lin, Xiao; Ning, Puqi; Zheng, Xiaohong; Chang, Junjun; Zhang, Xihua; Wang, Bao; Sun, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.034

Cited by 139 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The calculated values for the ratio of the peak are shown in the last column for HT-LCO phase in Table 1. As can be seen in Figure 4 4( MENG et al, 2019;LEE, 2008) xLi…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

et al. 2019

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Grande parte do sucesso das baterias de íon-lítio à base de cobalto se deve à fácil síntese do HT-LiCoO2 por rotas sol-gel. Muitas rotas sol-gel reduziram a temperatura de síntese de 900 °C - para rotas de estado sólido - para 600 °C. No entanto, para se obter o composto HT-LCO por uma via química a temperaturas de calcinação moderadas, a taxa de aquecimento no estágio inicial da síntese deve ser alta. No entanto, em altas taxas de aquecimento, uma alta concentração de energia se desenvolve devido à combustão do agente quelante, causando uma grande e indesejável expansão volumétrica. Portanto, como forma de minimizar os efeitos da expansão volumétrica, a taxa de aquecimento na síntese foi investigada. Os resultados da difração de raios X mostraram que, usando uma baixa taxa de aquecimento, a formação da fase HT-LCO exige que mais do que a energia disponível a 600 oC para ser pura e se cristalize no grupo espacial desejado. No entanto, para a temperatura de calcinação de 800 °C, apenas 20 minutos foram suficientes para sintetizar uma fase HT-LCO cristalográfica com alto ordenamento. O tempo de síntese reduzido está possivelmente associado a uma alta homogeneização dos íons metálicos, uma vez que a expansão do gel é radicalmente reduzida. O LCO sintetizado a 800 °C por apenas 20 min mostrou capacidade de carga eletroquímica de cerca de 140 mAh g-1. Conclui-se que, controlando a cinética durante a etapa de aquecimento, na fase inicial da síntese, o HT-LCO é obtido com alto ordenamento cristalográfico, embora o tempo de síntese seja reduzido, possibilitando um processo de síntese economicamente mais atraente.

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“…The calculated values for the ratio of the peak are shown in the last column for HT-LCO phase in Table 1. As can be seen in Figure 4 4( MENG et al, 2019;LEE, 2008) xLi…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

et al. 2019

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“…Such re-lithiation methods are commonly followed by thermal annealing with small Li 2 CO 3 or LiOH excess to regain their original structure. While direct regeneration using solid-state sintering especially with low-cost Li 2 CO 3 has been reported [26,27], its shortcomings include the need for an accurate determination of the Li content in spent cathodes, which is challenging to achieve in recycling large batches of spent LIBs from different waste streams. Thus, hydrothermal, molten eutectic salt, or other self-saturating re-lithiation strategies are more effective in direct recycling.…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in sustainable battery chemistries

Tan

Chen

2021

Trends in Chemistry

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“…Another interesting approach is the direct regeneration of active materials [3,19] . Recently, a sophisticated approach has been presented by Meng et al [20] . By ball milling a blend of spent NCM and Li 2 CO 3 followed by a sintering step, a mechanochemical regeneration was achieved [20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,18] Another interesting approach is the direct regeneration of active materials. [3,19] Recently, a sophisticated approach has been presented by Meng et al [20] By ball milling a blend of spent NCM and Li 2 CO 3 followed by a sintering step, a mechanochemical regeneration was achieved. [20] Yao et al opted for a liquid approach and used citric acid and H 2 O 2 to simultaneously dissolve the transition metals within LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and generate a chelating agent, which could be subsequently used as a precursor for resynthesizing NCM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,19] Recently, a sophisticated approach has been presented by Meng et al [20] By ball milling a blend of spent NCM and Li 2 CO 3 followed by a sintering step, a mechanochemical regeneration was achieved. [20] Yao et al opted for a liquid approach and used citric acid and H 2 O 2 to simultaneously dissolve the transition metals within LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and generate a chelating agent, which could be subsequently used as a precursor for resynthesizing NCM. [3] Unfortunately, in this approach, the binder and carbon additives are dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) prior to immersing the active material in citric acid, which raises concerns for large-scale production due to the toxicity of the employed solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rapid and Facile Approach for the Recycling of High‐Performance LiNi_1−x−yCo_xMn_yO₂ Active Materials

et al. 2020

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The demand for lithium-ion batteries has risen dramatically over the years. Unfortunately, many of the essential component materials, such as cobalt and lithium, are both costly and of limited abundance. For this reason, the recycling of lithium-ion battery electrodes is crucial to ensuring the availability of such resources and protecting the environment. Herein, a simple and scalable recycling process was developed for the prototypical cathode active material Li 1.02 (Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1) 0.98 O 2 (NCM-811). By a combination of thermal decomposition and dissolution steps, spent NCM could be converted into Li 2 CO 3 and a transition metal oxalate blend, which served as precursors for new NCM. Importantly, it was also possible to individually separate each transition metal during the recycling process, thereby extending the utility of this method to a wide variety of NCM compositions. Each intermediate in the process was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the elemental composition of the recycled NCM-811 was confirmed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the recycled NCM-811 exhibited up to 80 % of the initial capacity of pristine NCM-811. The method presented herein serves as an efficient and environmentally benign alternative to existing recycling methods for lithium-ion battery electrode materials.

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Recycling of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using mechanochemical activation and solid-state sintering

Cited by 139 publications

References 42 publications

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

Emerging trends in sustainable battery chemistries

A Rapid and Facile Approach for the Recycling of High‐Performance LiNi_1−x−yCo_xMn_yO₂ Active Materials

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Recycling of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using mechanochemical activation and solid-state sintering

Cited by 139 publications

References 42 publications

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

Emerging trends in sustainable battery chemistries

A Rapid and Facile Approach for the Recycling of High‐Performance LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 Active Materials

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A Rapid and Facile Approach for the Recycling of High‐Performance LiNi_1−x−yCo_xMn_yO₂ Active Materials