Recycling lithium and cobalt from LIBs using microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent leaching technology at low-temperature

Review of Ultrasound-Assisted Recycling and Utilization of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

“…Compared to traditional solvents, green solvents such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, have many advantages such as high designability and being environmentally friendly, and are excellent solvents for the sustainable and efficient recovery of SLIBs under mild conditions. , However, the low viscosity and high volatility of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents at high temperatures pose significant safety and environmental pressures. , A microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs) system has been designed to selectively leach Li and recover high-purity cobalt oxalate simultaneously, which could greatly shorten the extraction time and decrease the leaching temperature. − Thus, it is expected that the application of ultrasound to treat a mixture of a deep eutectic solvent and separated electrode materials from SLIBs can greatly enhance the leaching efficiency of valuable metals from the LIBs via the deep eutectic solvent, which can be attributed to the increase in the penetration of deep eutectic solvents through the cavitation effect of ultrasound.…”

“…The treatment capacity of hydraulic cavitation far exceeds that of ultrasound, and the combined technology of hydraulic and ultrasonic cavitation provides a solution to issues of low treatment capacity in the industrial application of ultrasound . In addition, the strong potential in the resource recovery of cathode materials of SLIBs could be received by combining ultrasound and other technologies, such as pyrolysis technology, ,, microwave technology, , magnetic separation technology, flotation technology, ,,, and advanced oxidation process. , The enhancement effect generated by ultrasound technology is uneven. The strengthening effect is good at locations that are close to the ultrasonic emission source, but poor at locations that are far away, which is more pronounced in an amplification equipment .…”

Green recycling of spent Li-ion battery cathodes via deep-eutectic solvents

“…Also, an ‘excess’ DES can result in wastage of reagents and restrict metal separation. Liu et al 102 studied the impact of the L/S ratio on leaching efficiency of Li and Co and found a (general) decreasing trend as DES amount increased from 3 to 9 g.…”

The Pitfalls of Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[11] They have several advantages like adjustable polarity, low volatility, facile synthesis, as well as rational design and tunability in compositions. [11,12] The most prominent DES for the extractive metallurgy of cathode active materials consists of mostly quaternary ammonium salts like choline chloride (ChCl) as HBA in combination with ethylene glycol (EG) or urea as HBD. [13] Tran et al, e.g., have achieved leaching efficiencies of 89.8% for Li and 50.3% for Co from spent LiCoO 2 (LCO) with a DES based on ChCl and EG at 180 °C for 24 h. [14] For lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ), leaching efficiencies as high as 70.8% for Li and 31.7% for Co were obtained under same conditions, which are overall lower compared to traditional hydrometallurgy processes.…”