Recurrence risk for preterm delivery

McManemy, Julie K.; Cooke, Erinn O; Amon, Erol; Leet, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.039

Cited by 127 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…49,52 More accurate estimates could be obtained from logistic regression analyses, but our simplistic method generates rate estimates that are consistent with reports in the literature. 19,46,49,55,56 More specific information has been reported from studies of various tests for PTB risk, 54,57-61 most usefully by Berghella et al 59 (Table).…”

Section: Estimation Of Individual Risk Of Recurrent Preterm Birthsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…[46][47][48][49][50][51] The risk of recurrent preterm birth increases as the gestational age of the previous preterm birth declines and as the number of previous preterm births increases, and thus is highest in women with more than 1 early preterm birth. 52 Women with more than 1 preterm birth are also more likely to have prior early (<32 weeks) preterm birth, to demonstrate clinical and ultrasound evidence of short cervix (sonographic length <25 mm, and Bishop score >3), and to have a positive fibronectin at 22-24 weeks. 53 A study of women with a prior preterm birth found that the likelihood of recurrent preterm delivery varied greatly, from less than 10% in women with a cervical length greater than 35 mm and a negative fibronectin at 22-24 weeks to more than 60% when the cervical length was less than 25 mm and the fibronectin test was positive at 22-24 weeks.…”

Section: Recurrent Vs Nonrecurrent Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second pregnancy resulted in a 52 We would offer 17 P and recommend cervical sonography at 20-24 weeks.…”

Section: Interventions To Reduce the Risk Of Recurrent Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Care for Women with Prior Preterm Birth

Iams

2010

Preterm Birth

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Women who have delivered an infant between 16 and 36 weeks' gestation have an increased risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies. The risk increases with more than 1 preterm birth and is inversely proportional to the gestational age of the previous preterm birth. African American women have rates of recurrent preterm birth that are nearly twice that of women of other backgrounds. An approximate risk of recurrent preterm birth can be estimated by a comprehensive reproductive history, with emphasis on maternal race, the number and gestational age of prior births, and the sequence of events preceding the index preterm birth. Interventions including smoking cessation, eradication of asymptomatic bacteriuria, progestational agents, and cervical cerclage can reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth when employed appropriately. Keywordscerclage; prevention; progesterone; recurrent; preterm birth; risk estimation Efforts to reduce the incidence of preterm birth cannot yet be called successful but have produced sufficient information to justify management suggestions for clinicians, not only for strategies that do not work but also for those that do. The quality and number of clinical trials of interventions intended to reduce the incidence and/or morbidity of preterm birth has risen substantially in recent years, yielding data that can improve care for women at risk.An important advance has been the revision of the traditional model of preterm birth in which painful contractions or preterm membrane rupture were understood as the most common initial steps preceding cervical change. This concept has been challenged by observations from several clinical studies:• Drugs that arrest or inhibit uterine contractions can delay delivery but do not reliably reduce or prevent preterm birth. [1][2][3][4][5] • Assessment of contraction frequency is not a useful test to predict preterm birth, 6 and its use to detect and arrest initial or recurrent episodes of preterm labor does not affect the rate of preterm birth. [7][8][9] • Antibiotics that eradicate microorganisms associated with preterm birth also do not reliably reduce, and may sometimes increase, the incidence of preterm birth, especially in women with intact membranes. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] • Progestational agents such as 17α-hydroxy-progesterone caproate reduce recurrent preterm birth in some women with a prior preterm birth, 18,19 especially those with early preterm birth 20 and short cervix, 21 but have no effect on preterm birth in multiple gestations. 22,23 NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Obstet Gynecol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 May 09. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript• Cervical cerclage can reduce recurrent preterm birth in women with a prior preterm birth and short cervix 24,25 but increases the risk of preterm birth in women with multiple gestation who also have a short cervix. 24 These findings suggest the following 4 substantive changes in the "contractions change the cervi...

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Section: Estimation Of Individual Risk Of Recurrent Preterm Birthsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Recurrent Vs Nonrecurrent Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Care for Women with Prior Preterm Birth

Iams

2010

Preterm Birth

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“…Risk factors of spontaneous PTB include prior history of PTB, ethnicity of pregnant women, multiple pregnancies, smoking, uterine anomaly and history of curettage or cervical conization [1,5]. Among these risk factors, prior PTB history is the most important factor and it can increase more than 2 fold of recurrence risk in their next pregnancy [7]. Defining risk factors and early prediction of PTB is important because it enables to recognize high-risk women and allows initiation of risk-specific treatment [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned before, global incidence of PTB rate is approximately 10%, but the rate of PTB increases up to 20%−50% in women with history of PTB, and the risk of PTB increases considerably with the number of previous PTBs [5][6][7][8]. For more than 30 years, progesterone administration has been advocated for the prevention of PTB in women considered to be at high risk for PTB [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Vaginal micronized natural progesterone treatment and reduced risk of recurrent preterm birth

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김민지

이예리

et al. 2012

Korean J Obstet Gynecol

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Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, which occurs in approximately 10% of all pregnancies [1]. PTB causes about 70% of all neonatal deaths of nonanomalous infants, as well as neonatal morbidities including respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term complications such as cerebral palsy [2,3]. The PTB rate has risen worldwide, and in South Korea, the PTB rate has also risen from 4.3% in 1995 to 10% in 2003 [1,4]. There are many known risk factors for PTB, but one of the most ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the administration of vaginal natural micronized progesterone is associated with reduction of recurrent preterm birth (PTB) in women with prior history of spontaneous PTB. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of all women with history of spontaneous PTB that delivered from January 2008 through April 2012. Spontaneous PTB was defined as PTB before 37 weeks of gestation due to spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Pregnancies with multiple gestation and those who received cerclage operation during previous or current pregnancy were excluded. Patients in the progesterone group were instructed to selfadminister 100 or 200 mg vaginal micronized natural progesterone capsule. We evaluated the difference in recurrent PTB rate between the progesterone group (n = 73) and the non-user group (n = 158). ResultsThe incidence of recurrent spontaneous PTB before 37 weeks' gestation was significantly lower in the progesterone group than the non-user group (21.9% vs. 43.0%, P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that progesterone therapy was associated with a decrease in the incidence of recurrent PTB before 37 weeks' gestation (odds ratio, 0.382; 95% confidence interval, 0.169-0.863; P=0.021) independent of confounding variables. ConclusionMicronized vaginal progesterone supplement therapy was associated with a reduction of recurrent PTB risk in women with previous spontaneous PTB history.

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Seasonality Associated With Preterm Birth—Are We Borrowing From Our Children?

Nelson

Spong

2022

JAMA Netw Open

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Preterm birth is a substantial global health issue with well-documented consequences for the infant, family, and society at large. Identified as the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years, preterm delivery occurs in approximately 15 million births worldwide and remains one of the foremost issues in the field of obstetrics. 1 Preterm birth rates are increasing internationally. 1 In 2019, the most recent year with complete data available, the rate of preterm birth in the US was 10.23%, and the rate of births earlier than 28 weeks' gestation was 0.66%. 2 Gestational age at delivery and the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality are inversely associated. Neonates born earlier than 28 weeks' gestation comprise the smallest proportion of births, but these infants experience disproportionately higher rates of prematurity-related complications, including death. 3 For context, the infant mortality rate among those born earlier than 28 weeks' gestation was 186 times higher than those born between 37 and 41 weeks' gestation in the US in 2018. 3 Infants who survive are at risk of developing a wide range of short-and long-term morbidities. Although the burden of preterm birth is clear, understanding the biological characteristics of human parturition remains elusive. To this end, modifiable risk factors are being explored to address this substantial public health issue.Hviid and colleagues 4 report data from a population-based retrospective cohort study in Denmark examining the association of birth season and pregnancy onset season with rates of preterm birth. Seasons were defined as winter (December, January, and February), spring (March, April, and May), summer (June, July, and August), and autumn (September, October, and November). Preterm births were categorized according to severity, with extremely preterm defined as live births occurring between 22 and 27 weeks' gestation, very preterm as live births occurring between 28 and 31 weeks' gestation, and moderately preterm as live births occurring between 32 and 36 weeks' gestation. Because of the substantial burden of extreme prematurity, births between 22 and 27 weeks' gestation were the primary study outcome. Sophisticated models for rates of

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Recurrence risk for preterm delivery

Cited by 127 publications

References 28 publications

Care for Women with Prior Preterm Birth

Care for Women with Prior Preterm Birth

Vaginal micronized natural progesterone treatment and reduced risk of recurrent preterm birth

Seasonality Associated With Preterm Birth—Are We Borrowing From Our Children?

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