Rectification of the Intraseasonal SST Variability by the Diurnal Cycle of SST Revealed by the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array

Yan, Yunwei; Zhang, Lei; Yu, Yi; Chen, Changlin; Xi, Jiangbo; Chai, Fei

doi:10.1029/2020gl090913

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The fSST is the SST free of diurnal variability, which is usually defined as the night-time minimum or the predawn value at depths of 1-5 m (Donlon and The GHRSST-PP Science Team, 2005). In this study, we used the night-time minimum as the definition for fSST following Yan et al (2021). Phase composites of the calculated SH and LH at two buoy sites (8 N, 137 E) (B8137) and (0 N, 156 E) (B0156) based on the abovementioned SSTs are given in Figure 11.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, using a high-vertical-resolution OGCM, Bernie et al (2007) concluded that including the effects of dSST increases the SST-ISV by approximately 20% across the equatorial Indo-Pacific Ocean. Yan et al (2021) quantified the effect of the dSST on ISV based on the global tropical moored buoy array. They found that the intraseasonal SST variability is indeed amplified by the dSST in most of the tropical oceans, especially in the Indo-Pacific warm pool, but weakened in the equatorial cold tongues of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yan et al . (2021) quantified the effect of the dSST on ISV based on the global tropical moored buoy array. They found that the intraseasonal SST variability is indeed amplified by the dSST in most of the tropical oceans, especially in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool, but weakened in the equatorial cold tongues of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer

Yang

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Using 17‐year in situ buoy observations, this study investigates how sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical western Pacific Ocean is modulated by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during boreal summer. The 10‐buoy mean phase‐by‐phase composites of SST indicate that SST evolution lags behind the convection cycle by approximately one quarter, with the maximum SST occurring in Phase −90° (29.68°C) and the minimum SST occurring in Phase 90° (29.37°C). The diurnal cycle of SST (dSST) is in phase with the convection cycle, with the minimum dSST occurring during the convectively active phase (0.34°C) and the maximum dSST occurring during the convectively suppressed phase (0.61°C). The fluctuation in the dSST reaches 0.27°C, which is similar to that in the SST (0.31°C). This kind of oscillation can be well explained by the evolution of the sea surface forcing parameters, especially the shortwave radiation and wind speeds, observed from the buoys. In addition, the composite range of the dSST suggests an interesting asymmetry between Phase −90° and 90°. The interaction of the background summer mean state and the 10–30‐day intraseasonal anomalies causes the asymmetry in wind speed between Phase −90° and 90°, which in turn results in the asymmetry in the dSST between these two phases. Since QBWOs are more likely to occur during El Niño developing summers than during El Niño decaying summers, the 10–30‐day intraseasonal SST and dSST variances during El Niño developing summers are stronger than those during El Niño decaying summers.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer

Yang

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Studies have suggested that the diurnal variability of surface and subsurface ocean impacts diurnal atmospheric properties and can modulate the intraseasonal and seasonal ocean and atmospheric processes. Observational studies (Mujumdar et al, 2011;Yan et al, 2021) have shown rectification of intraseasonal SST by diurnal variations of SST over most tropical oceans. Through coupled model experiments, Bernie et al (2007Bernie et al ( , 2008 have shown that the rectification of daily-mean SST by the diurnal variability of SST can increase the long-term-mean SST by 0.2 • -0.3 • C and an improvement in the mean precipitation simulated by the model.…”

Section: Diurnal Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cumulative effect of diurnal warm layer and cooling can result in intra-daily variability of ocean skin temperature. Observational and modeling studies (Fairall et al, 1996b;Slingo et al, 2003;Shinoda, 2005;Bernie et al, 2007Bernie et al, , 2008Woolnough et al, 2007;Mujumdar et al, 2011;Yan et al, 2021) have reported possible impacts of diurnal skin temperature variability on daily, intra-seasonal, and seasonal mean and variability by modulating ocean-atmospheric parameters such as SST, mixed layer depth, air pressure, humidity, low-level cloud, and convection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in Diurnal Cycle and Its Impact on Seasonal Mean by Incorporating COARE Flux Algorithm in CFS

et al. 2022

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The variability of predicted variables at daily to seasonal scales in coupled models is primarily governed by surface boundary conditions between the ocean and atmosphere, namely, sea surface temperature (SST), turbulent heat, and momentum fluxes. Although efforts have been made to achieve good accuracy in surface fluxes and SST in observation and reanalysis products, less attention has been paid toward achieving improved accuracy in coupled model simulations. Improper diurnal phase and amplitude in intra-daily SST and precipitation are well-known problems in most global coupled general circulation models, including the Climate Forecast System v2 (CFSv2) model. The present study attempts to improve the representation of ocean-atmosphere surface boundary conditions in CFSv2, primarily used for India's operational forecasts at different temporal/spatial scales. In this direction, the diurnal warm layer and cool skin temperature correction scheme are implemented along with the surface flux parameterization scheme following Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) v 3.0. The coupled model re-forecasts with a revised flux scheme showed better characteristics in various ocean-atmosphere parameters and processes at diurnal and seasonal time scales. At the diurnal scale, the phase and amplitude of intra-daily SST and mixed layer depth variabilities are improved over most tropical oceans. Improved diurnal SSTs helped in enhancing the diurnal range of precipitation by triggering stronger intra-daily convection. The corrected diurnal ocean-atmospheric boundary state translated into a reduction in seasonal mean dry bias over Indian landmass and the wet bias over tropical oceans. Better simulation of non-linearity associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), ENSO-Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), and IOD-ISMR relation is among the most critical improvements achieved by revising the turbulent flux parameterization. The revised flux scheme showed enhanced prediction skills for tropical SST indices and ISMR.

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The effect of diurnal warming of sea‐surface temperatures on the propagation speed of the Madden–Julian oscillation

Karlowska,

Matthews,

Webber

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The diurnal warm layer in the upper ocean develops during low surface winds and high incoming solar radiation conditions, often increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) by up to 1∘ C. The suppressed phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) favours the formation of such a layer. Here we analyse the coupled ocean–atmosphere and atmosphere‐only Numerical Weather Prediction systems of the UK Met Office to reveal that important differences arise from the representation of the diurnal warm layer in the coupled model. While both models are skilful in predicting the MJO to at least 7‐day lead time, the coupled model predicts approximately10% faster MJO propagation than the atmosphere‐only model due to the ability to resolve diurnal warming in the upper ocean that rectifies onto MJO‐associated SST anomalies. The diurnal warming of SST (dSST) in the coupled model leads to an increase in daily mean SST compared with the atmosphere‐only model persisted foundation SST. The strength of the dSST in the coupled model is modulated by MJO conditions. During suppressed MJO conditions on lead day 1, the dSST is enhanced leading to 0.2∘ C warmer daily mean MJO‐associated SST anomalies and increased convection in the coupled model by lead day 7. During active MJO convection, the dSST is suppressed, leading to 0.1∘ C colder MJO‐associated SST anomalies in the coupled model and reduced convection by lead day 7. This variability in dSST further amplifies the MJO propagation speed, underlining the importance of the two‐way feedback between the MJO and the diurnal cycle of SST and the need to accurately represent this process in coupled models.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Rectification of the Intraseasonal SST Variability by the Diurnal Cycle of SST Revealed by the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer

Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer

Improvements in Diurnal Cycle and Its Impact on Seasonal Mean by Incorporating COARE Flux Algorithm in CFS

The effect of diurnal warming of sea‐surface temperatures on the propagation speed of the Madden–Julian oscillation

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