Recovery from sauna bathing favorably modulates cardiac autonomic nervous system

Laukkanen, Tanjaniina; Lipponen, Jukka A.; Kunutsor, Setor K; Zaccardi, Francesco; Araújo, Cláudio Gil Soares de; Mäkikallio, Timo H.; Khan, Hassan; Willeit, Peter; Lee, Earric; Poikonen, S.; Tarvainen, Mika P.; Laukkanen, Jari A

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.011

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Therefore, thermoregulation due to mild passive heating for 30 min is associated with changes in autonomic nervous system activity. Other studies, where more substantial passive heating approaches have been used, have demonstrated parasympathetic withdrawal (Banjar et al, 2000 ; Crandall & Wilson, 2015 ; Laukkanen et al, 2019 ) and increased activation of SNS (Banjar et al, 2000 ; Carrillo et al, 2016 ). However, due to different heating approaches, comparison with these studies should be made with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study

Fiedler

Suvi

Timpmann

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Changes in hydration status influence plasma volume (PV) which is associated with post‐exercise parasympathetic reactivation. The present study hypothesized that, after dehydrating cycling exercise in the heat (DE), stimulation of PV expansion with sodium citrate (CIT) supplementation would promote heart rate variability (HRV) recovery in endurance‐trained men. Twelve participants lost 4% of body mass during DE. During subsequent 16‐h recovery, participants consumed water ad libitum (CIT =5.5‐L, PLC =5.1‐L) and ate prescribed food supplemented with CIT or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover manner. Relative changes in PV were assessed across DE and 16‐h recovery. HRV was analyzed before and 16 h after DE in three conditions for altogether four 5‐min periods: supine in a thermoneutral environment, supine in the heat (32°C, 46% relative humidity; 2 periods), and standing in the heat. A larger expansion of PV across 16‐h recovery occurred in CIT compared to placebo trial (p < 0.0001). However, no between‐trial differences appeared in HRV parameters (lnRMSSD, lnSDNN, lnLF/HF) in any 5‐min period analyzed before or 16 h after DE (in all cases p > 0.05). Increases in HR (p < 0.001) and lnLF/HF (p = 0.005) and decreases in lnRMSSD (p < 0.001) and lnSDNN (p < 0.001) occurred following DE in both trials. Larger PV expansion induced by CIT supplementation after DE does not improve recovery of HRV at rest and has no influence on HRV responsiveness in endurance‐trained men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study

Fiedler

Suvi

Timpmann

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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“…There is ample evidence to suggest that regular sauna use by healthy individuals, persons with health problems and athletes exerts beneficial effects as a form of heat therapy and biological regeneration (Biro Masuda et al, 2003;Pilch et al, 2014;Podstawski et al, 2016;Scoon et al, 2007;Sutkowy et al, 2017). Regular sauna bathing may alleviate and prevent the risk of both acute and chronic diseases (Laukkanen et al, 2019). Emerging evidence suggests that sauna bathing delivers numerous health benefits by lowering the risk of vascular diseases such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and neurocognitive diseases, as well as nonvascular conditions, including pulmonary diseases such as the common flu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Effects of Repeated Hot Thermal Stress and Cold Water Immersion in Young Adult Men

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of repeated hot thermal stress and cold water immersion on the endocrine system of young adult men with moderate and high levels of physical activity (PA). The research was conducted on 30 men aged 19–26 years (mean: 22.67 ± 2.02) who attended four sauna sessions of 12 min each (temperature: 90−91°C; relative humidity: 14–16 %). Each sauna session was followed by a 6-min cool-down break during which the participants were immersed in cold water (10−11°C) for 1 min. Testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured before and after the sauna bath. The participants’ PA levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Serum COR levels decreased significantly ( p < .001) from 13.61 to 9.67 µg/ml during 72 min of sauna treatment. No significant changes ( p >.05) were noted in the concentrations of the remaining hormones: TES increased from 4.04 to 4.24 ng/ml, DHEA-S decreased from 357.5 to 356.82 µg/ml, and PRL decreased from 14.50 to 13.71 ng/ml. After sauna, a greater decrease in COR concentrations was observed in males with higher baseline COR levels, whereas only a minor decrease was noted in participants with very low baseline COR values ( r =−0.673, p <.001). Repeated use of Finnish sauna induces a significant decrease in COR concentrations, but does not cause significant changes in TES, DHEA-S, or PRL levels. Testosterone concentrations were higher in men characterized by higher levels of PA, both before and after the sauna bath.

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“…A review of the literature revealed that despite a relatively large number of papers describing the effects of thermal stress on the human body, the vast majority of studies have investigated sauna sessions lasting 30 min or less when the temperature exceeded 80 • C [6,18,[25][26][27][28]. There is a general scarcity of published data concerning the effects of repeated sauna use on the physiological profiles of healthy and physically active men who regularly use the sauna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Repeated Thermal Stress on the Physiological Parameters of Young Physically Active Men Who Regularly Use the Sauna: A Multifactorial Assessment

Podstawski

Borysławski

Pomianowski

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of thermal stress (TS) on changes in blood biochemical parameters and fluid electrolyte levels in young adult men with moderate and high levels of physical activity. Thirty men (22.67 ± 2.02 years) were exposed to four 12-min sauna sessions (temperature: 90–91 °C; relative humidity: 14–16%) with four 6-min cool-down breaks. The evaluated variables were anthropometric, physiological, and hematological characteristics. The mean values of HRavg (102.5 bpm) were within the easy effort range, whereas HRpeak (143.3 bpm) values were within the very difficult effort range. A significant increase was noted in pO2 (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.008), HDL (p < 0.006) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.007). Significant decreases were observed in the SBP (by 9.7 mmHg), DBP (by 6.9 mmHg) (p < 0.001), pH (p < 0.001), aHCO3- (p < 0.005), sHCO3- (p < 0.003), BE (ecf) (p < 0.022), BE (B), ctCO2 (for both p < 0.005), glucose (p < 0.001), and LA (p < 0.036). High 72-min TS did not induce significant changes in the physiological parameters of young and physically active men who regularly use the sauna, excluding significant loss of body mass. We can assume that relatively long sauna sessions do not disturb homeostasis and are safe for the health of properly prepared males.

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Recovery from sauna bathing favorably modulates cardiac autonomic nervous system

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study

Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study

Endocrine Effects of Repeated Hot Thermal Stress and Cold Water Immersion in Young Adult Men

The Effects of Repeated Thermal Stress on the Physiological Parameters of Young Physically Active Men Who Regularly Use the Sauna: A Multifactorial Assessment

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