Reconstructing the massacre at Fort William Henry, New York

A regional examination of surgery and fracture treatment in Iron Age and Roman Britain

“…Aufderheide and Rodríquez‐Martín (1998) propose that accidental amputations were rare in antiquity and re‐examination of this individual following Waldron's (2002) analysis supports his assertion that the right arm was removed by surgery; the morphology of the surface conforms to removal occurring before death, the probable hinge‐fracture and absence of the lower portion of the arm and hand at the time of excavation all conform to other archaeological examples of surgical amputations rather than accidental amputations (Owsley et al ., 1991; Liston & Baker, 1996; Cunha & Silva, 1997; Redfern, 2007); Boston et al ., 2008.…”

Interpersonal violence between 18th century Native Americans and Europeans in Ohio

“…Perhaps the delivery of multiple cranial blows is a common occurrence in massacres or large‐scale conflicts. Liston and Baker (1996) examined a sample of five European males killed by Native Americans at Fort William Henry in 1757. They observed multiple coarse lesions on the chest, back, and pubic region of all five victims.…”

Direct effects of FGF21 on glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle: implications for type 2 diabetes and obesity

“…In the common burials from Titriş Höyük, sex was determined by the dimorphic characteristics of the skull and innominate bone (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994). In this group, age‐at‐death was established by cranial suture obliteration (Meindl & Lovejoy, 1985), degenerative changes of the pubic symphysis (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994) and sternal rib end modification (Loth & İşcan, 1989). Since cranial suture obliteration shows variation in individuals, therefore age has been classified into three categories of young adults (15–29.9), middle adults (30–44.9) and old adults (45+).…”