Reconfiguring Agrobiodiversity in the Amazon Estuary: Market Integration, the Açaí Trade and Smallholders’ Management Practices in Amapá, Brazil

Steward, Angela May

doi:10.1007/s10745-013-9608-6

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…All three communities were experiencing population growth and an expansion of infrastructure and services. Until recently, the majority of their populations earned a living from agriculture and extractivism, supplemented by wage labor, but livelihoods were shifting towards a focus on wage labor and government assistance, supplemented by agriculture and extractivism, not unlike shifts in livelihood occurring elsewhere in Amazonia (Steward ; van Vliet and others ).…”

Section: The Study and Its Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mark Harris characterizes caboclo lifeways as a “constant renovation of the past” and an ability to live in the present (Harris , 69). This adaptability is currently exemplified by a regional shift away from livelihoods based on farming and extractivism, supplemented periodically by wage labor, to livelihoods based on wage labor and conditional cash transfer programs, supplemented by agriculture and extractivism (Steward, ; van Vliet and others ). Caboclos embrace the intersection of the rural and urban zones, often maintaining households in multiple sites (floodplain and uplands; urban and rural) and move fluidly between these zones (WinklerPrins 2002a, 2002b; WinklerPrins and de Souza ; Padoch and others ; Brondízio ).…”

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Government programs have helped, especially the combination of the expansion of government‐sponsored infrastructure development in rural areas, for electricity, roads, and schools, and the continued availability of pensions for retired farmers. More importantly, peri‐urban communities have become more attractive migration destinations relative to cities with the arrival of conditional cash‐transfer programs (Steward ; van Vliet and others ). Brazil's former president, Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva, initiated a successful suite of these programs aimed to pull people out of poverty and expand opportunities, which have been continued by his successor, Dilma Rousseff ( The Economist ; ).…”

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil's former president, Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva, initiated a successful suite of these programs aimed to pull people out of poverty and expand opportunities, which have been continued by his successor, Dilma Rousseff ( The Economist ; ). Although many programs were designed to help the urban poor, the result in the Amazon has been that many smallholders who once farmed full‐time now rely on these programs and maintain subsistence plots to supplement their income (Steward ; ).…”

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Searching for a Better Life: Peri‐Urban Migration in Western Para State, Brazil

MacDonald

WinklerPrins

2014

Geographical Review

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ABSTRACT. The world today is an urban world. While rural to urban migration has contributed significantly to the increased urbanization of the globe, that process has not always been as clear and permanent as it appears. In this paper we report on the migration of smallholders to peri-urban interface (PUI) zones in western Par a state, Brazil. We found that rural-urban migrants were constrained by their lack of marketable skills and as a consequence had few job prospects and experienced a low quality of life in the cities to which they had migrated. This led them to resettle in places at the PUI where they have the ability to supplement limited wages with more familiar subsistence activities, which reflected cultural identity and rural antecedents while enjoying a higher quality of life. The recent implementation in Brazil of a variety of conditional cash-transfer programs has added to the attractiveness of peri-urban places and contributes to a regional shift to livelihoods based on a combination of agriculture and extractivism supplemented by support from federal assistance programs.

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Section: The Study and Its Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: People and Migration In The Brazilian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Searching for a Better Life: Peri‐Urban Migration in Western Para State, Brazil

MacDonald

WinklerPrins

2014

Geographical Review

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“…In the much of the developing world, moreover, home garden agroforests are a regular feature of urban spaces. These include cultivated forests, urban woodlots, and domestic agroforests, and they dominate urban greenspace when examined with remote sensing as well as survey and ethnographic data [187,189,190,191,192,193]. The lack of data, fundamental misconceptions about what agroforestry is, the general indifference to or mere rhetorical attention to small farming systems in national development programs, the ecological complexity and the diversity of these systems, and the relative apathy of the climate community about agroforestry has led to an assumption that it is globally of little importance.…”

Section: Agroforestry and The Carbon Question: A Central Issue In CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 10. Trees have Already been Invented: Carbon in Woodlands

2016

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In the developed world, discussions of climate change mitigation and adaptation tend to focus on technological solutions such as decarbonizing electric grids and regulating emissions of methane, black carbon, and so on. However, an often overlooked strategy for reaching greenhouse gas reduction targets in much of the developing world is rooted, not in new technologies, but in vegetation management. Trees and other vegetation absorb carbon as they grow and release carbon when they are burnt, so landscapes function as carbon sinks and carbon storage sites when forests are growing, on one hand, and as carbon sources when forests are cleared, on the other. Since greenhouse gas emissions from such land use changes rival emissions from the entire transport sector, trees and vegetation are essential to efforts to slow and adapt to climate change. Under the right circumstances, vegetation recovery and its carbon uptake occur quickly. Moreover, carbon uptake can be strongly affected by human management of forests; the right kinds of management can improve rates of recovery and carbon sequestration substantially. This chapter reviews carbon dynamics in mature forests, secondary forests, agroforests and tree landscapes in urban areas to point out the variability of these systems and the potential for enhancing carbon uptake and storage. Furthermore, vegetation systems have many additional benefits in the form of other environmental services, such as improving livelihoods, subsistence insurance habitat, microclimates, and water systems. Finally, by managing forests better, we can also make significant contributions to climate justice because most global forests and forested landscapes are under the stewardship of small holders.

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